This study was carried out to investigate insect community structure from different habitats in Baengnyeong island.We performed day and night collection at two different habitats (mountain, rural area) of Baengnyeong island from Mayto September in 2015. A total of 2,879 individuals of 404 species, 81 families belonging to 10 orders were collectedand identified. A dominant species was Idisia ornata Pascoe (Tenebrionidae) despite a very low percentage (6.04%) ofthe species among the catches. Results of independent t-test showed a significant high (p<0.001) of species richness onmountain. Also, seasonal results of ANOVA (Analysis of variance) were significantly influential with species abundanceand species richness. The result of NMDS analysis showed that the community structure of the insects from the mountainis different with rural area.

The genus Miaenia Pascoe, 1864 (Coleoptera Cerambycidae) in Korea is taxonomically reviewed in this study. Miaenia was erected by Pascoe (1864) based on the type species M. marmore. Miaenia has been accepted as a subgenus of Sciades for a long time, howerer, Roguet (2012) considered Sciades as a synonym of the genus Miaenia. Previously, two species, M. fasciata fasciata (Matsushita, 1943) and M. maritima Tsherepanov, 1979, of the genus have been reported in South Korea. In this paper, M. tonsa (Bates) is recorded in Korea for the first time. A key to the Korean Miaenia species, diagnoses, illustrations of diagnostic including male genitalia are provided.

A predatory genus Cryptalaus Ôhira, 1967 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Korea is taxonomically reviewed in this study. Up to date, two species of the genus Cryptalaus, C. berus Candèze, 1865 and C. larvatus pini Lewis, 1894, have been reported from Korea. From the present study, C. yamato Nakane, 1957 which has been regarded as an endemic to Japan, is reported from the Korean peninsula for the first time. A key to the Korean species of the genus Cryptalaus, diagnosis, illustrations of diagnostic characteristics are provided.

In the present study, Cydia kamijoi Oku is newly recognized in korean insect fauna. This tortricid moth was first found damaging the cones of Abies koreana in Jeju Island 2014. The moth can be a serious insect pest on A. koreana because of high damage rate on the cones, up to 71% average. The genus Cydia now was 11 korean species including C. kamijoi. Regarding this species, some basic information such as collection records, morphological characters, and ecology were provided

Pogonini Laporte, 1834 is one of the tribes in Trechinae Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). This tribe is morphologically similar to Trechini, Benbidiini, Zolini and Patrobini of the subfamily. However, Pogonini can be distinguished from the other tribes by having a combination of the following characters: apical maxillary palpomere fusiform; umbilical series of setae on elytron more or less contiguous (though sparse in middle); each tarsomeres with a median sulcus on dorsal side. Pogonini includes about 85 species of 12 genera worldwide and is found in all zoogeographical regions of the world. Many species inhabit along the sea coasts or near salt lakes, and are recognized as halobiont. In Korea, Paik (1998) reported Pogonus (Pogonus) itoshimaensis Habu, 1954. However, he added only the species name in the checklist without description or illustration although few specimens were examined. After Paik’s study, any studies on taxonomic status and distribution of Korean Pogonini have not been carried out. The genus Pogonus Dejean is the largest group in Pogonini with two subgenera: P. (Pogonoidius Carret, 1903) and P. (Pogonus Dejean, 1821). These two subgenera share very similar external morphological characters; Pogonoidius has setae on anterior angles of pronotum and setae at 7th interval of elytra while Pogonus does not have them. In the present study, two species, Pogonus (Pogonus) japonicus Putzeys, 1875 and P. (Pogonoidius) punctulatus Dejean, 1828, are newly recognized from Korea. A key to the Korean Pogonini species, redescription, distribution, photos of diagnostic characters, and illustrations of male and female genitalia are provided.

To date there have been only two species in genus Pogonus and subgenus Europhilus of genus Agonum recognized from Korean insect fauna: Pogonus itoshimaensis Habu, 1954 and Agonum (Europhilus) bellicum Lutshnik, 1934. In the present study one additional species for each genus is newly recognized from Korea: Pogonus (Pogonus) japonicus Putzeys, 1875 and Agonum (Europhilus) gratiosum nipponicum Habu, 1972. A key to adults, redescription, diagnostic photos of adult and male and female genitalia are provided.

Insect pollinators of the endanger orchid Cypripedium japonicum were surveyed and identified during two years, as a part of a conservation project of the orchid at Jukyeup-san and Hwaak-san (Mt.), South Korea. In total 40 individuals of 16 species in 4 families were identified. The dominant family was Halictidae, and Lasioglossum exiliceps Vachal visited the most frequently C. japonicum during the surveys. The average visiting frequency was 2.5 individuals per hour and the highest 4.3, from 12:00 – 13:00 in a day. After 15:00 insects did not visit the flowers at all. However, all of the visiting insects were found to not carry a pollinium or pollens of the orchard on their bodies; pollen carryover by any of the visiting insects did not occur at all. The orchid seems to require certain pollinators in particular body thickness due to its unique pollination mechanism. The orchid has two exit route openings, around 1 cm in diametre, where the entrapped insects can exit and an anther is situated just in front of each opening. It was inferred that a pollen carrier should be around 1 cm in body thickness. Therefore, the candidate species as the proper pollen carriers can be Tetralonia nipponensis Perez, Xylocopa appendiculata circumvolans Smith and Bombus consobrinus Dahlbom among the surveyed visitors.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer in cattle has limited efficiency in terms of production of live offspring due to high incidence of fetal failure after embryo transfer to recipients. Such low efficiency of cloning could possibly arise from abnormal and poorly developed placenta. In the present study the placental proteome in late pregnancy established from in vitro fertilization (IVF) and nuclear transfer (NT) was analysed. Proteome alternation was tested using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI- TOF). Comparing placenta from NT embryos to those from IVF counterparts, significant changes in expression level were found in 18 proteins. Of these proteins 12 were not expressed in NT placenta but expressed in IVF counterpart, whereas the expression of the other 6 proteins was limited only in NT placenta. Among these proteins, cytokeratin 8 and vimentin are considered to be involved in regulation of post-implantation development. In particular, cytokeratin 8 and vimentin may be used as makers for placental development during pregnancy because their expression levels changed considerably in NT placental tissue compared with its IVF counterpart. Data from 2-DE suggest that protein expression was disorientated in late pregnancy from NT, but this distortion was eliminated with progression of pregnancy. These findings demonstrate abnormal placental development during late pregnancy from NT and suggest that alterations of specific placental protein expression may be involved in abnormal function of placenta.

“Greenstar”, a new Saxifraga cultivar was bred by crossing between “Geumgongjak” with green (YG145C) petals and “Rokseon” with red purple (RP62A) petals in 2003. The selection and flower characterization were conducted from 2003 to 2006 in greenhouses of the National Institute of Highland Agriculture. The flowering of “Greenstar” starts on September 17 for 36 days and the number of flowers per plant was about 290. The flower color is a green (G142C) and the number of petals was 5. Flower width is 2.1 cm and flower length is 1.9 cm. “Greenstar” can be used for pot flower. Fifty percent shading is a good cultural practice against direct sunlight and soft rot disease would occur usually by over-irrigation.

A new Saxifraga cultivar “Snowmaple” was bred by crossing between “Jeokhoamugab” with red purple (RP68B) petals and “Hongsaja” with red purple (RPN66A) petals. The selection and flower characterization were conducted from 2004 to 2006 in greenhouse of the National Institute of Highland Agriculture. The flowering of “Snowmaple” starts on October 9 for 16 days, The number of flowers per plant was 315 with strong concurrent flowering habit. The flower shows red purple (RP62C) at opening, but It turns gradually changable from red purple to white. The flower has 5 petals, and the size is 2.0 cm in width and 2.3 cm in length. “Snowmaple” can be used for pot flower. Fifty percent shading is a good cultural practice against direct sunlight and soft rot disease would occurs usually by over-irrigation.

“Harmony”, a new Saxifraga cultivar was released by the National Institute of Highland Agriculture (NIHA), in 2006. A crossing was made between “Hongsaja” with red purple (RPN66A) petals and “Yangwoo” with red-purple (RP61C) petals in 2004. The selection and flower characteristics were investigated from 2004 to 2006 in greenhouse. The first flowering time of “Harmony” is 28th of September, period of flowering is 29 days and number of flowers per plant was 224.1. The flower color shows a red purple (RPN66A) and number of petals was 11.0. Flower width is 1.8 cm and flower length is 1.4 cm. It can be used for pot flower. 50% shading treatment is a good cultural practice against direct sunlight and soft rot disease occurs usually by over-irrigation.