지형 분류도란 지형학적인 관점에서 지형을 분류하고 특정 지형과 구성 물질의 공간적 분포, 물질의 이동 경로, 형성 시기, 지배적인 지형 형성 영력을 지도상에 표현한 지도이다. 현대적인 지형 분류도의 작성은 1950년대 이후의 지형학 연구에서 중요한 연구 기법으로 평가 받아왔다. 특히 지형 분류도는 환경 보존을 위한 보존 대상 지역의 선정, 재해 방지를 위한 계획의 마련, 특정 시설 건설을 위한 정보의 제공이라는 사회적인 기여를 하고 있으며, 국내에서도 국가적인 차원의 지형 분류도 작성 필요성이 꾸준히 제기되어 왔다. 국가 차원의 지구 과학 정보의 일환으로 지형 분류도를 제작하여 서비스하고 있는 독일, 스페인, 네덜란드, 이탈리아, 스웨덴 등의 사례들을 살펴보았다. 또한 지형 분류도 제작 분야 연구자들이 제시한 다양한 지형 분류도용 범례의 특성을 살펴보았다. 지형 분류도의 범례들은 지표면의 전반적인 형상, 특정 지형, 해당 지형을 형성한 지형 형성 작용, 구성 물질, 형성 시기 등을 표현하고 있다. 이들의 표현을 위해 다양한 기호와 색상을 이용하는 것이 일반적이었다. 우리나라에서의 표준 지형 분류도의 제작을 위해서는 기존의 보존 지역 선정 목적의 지형 분류 체계를 지형 형성 과정과 지형의 규모를 중심으로 재분류할 필요가 있다. 또한 지형 분류도 제작 지역의 지형 환경을 파악하기 위한 현장 조사 중심의 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 보이며, 환경영향평가 등과 같은 자연 환경에 대한 공식적인 조사에 활용되어야 할 필요가 있다.

The authors have investigated three species of Clupeidae such as herring, Korean anchovy and large-eyed herring, belonging to the order Clupeiformes. The fish is also indigenous to some parts of the southern regions of the West Sea. Fishes are the most popular marine products in Korea because of their taste and nutritional value, and Koreans consume them in large quantities. Especially, Korean anchovy and large-eyed herring are widely distributed in the entirety of brackish-water habitats and seawater areas of the West Sea in the Korean Peninsula, as well as in several areas in China. However, in spite of their economic and scientific consequences, a little information currently exist regarding the physiological and ecological levels only of crab species in Korea. During the last two decades, environmental contamination and various environmental disruptions by industries and city sewage, have threatened the coastal fisheries, and then reduction of individual number of this fish is an increasing trend in the 2000s. This study attempt is to elucidate the genetic distances within and between herring, Korean anchovy and large-eyed herring population from the West Sea. Three species of herring (C. pallasii), Korean anchovy (C. nasus) and large-eyed herring (H. zunashi) were obtained in close vicinity to the West Sea in Korea. Three species of fish muscle was collected in sterile tubes, placed on ice immediately, and stored under refrigeration until needed. Genomic DNA was extracted and purified under the conditions described previously (Yoon and Kim, 2004). The degree of variability was calculated by use of the Dice coefficient (F), which is given by the formula: F = 2nab / (na+nb), where nab is the number of bands shared between the samples a and b, na is the total number of bands for sample a and nb is the total number of bands for sample b (Jeffreys and Morton, 1987; Yoke-Kqueen and Radu, 2006). Euclidean genetic distances within-and between-species were also calculated by complete linkage method with the help of the hierarchical dendrogram program Systat version 10. The genomic DNA isolated from herring (C. pallasii), Korean anchovy (C. nasus) and large-eyed herring (H. zunashi) in the West Sea, were amplified several times by PCR reaction. The dendrogram obtained by the seven primers indicates three genetic clusters as shown in Fig. 1. The hierarchical dendrogram indicates three main branches: cluster 1 (PALLASII 01, 02, 03, 04, 06 and 07), cluster 2 (NASUS 08, 09, 10 and 11), and cluster 3 (NASUS 12, 13 and 14, ZUNASHI 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21, PALLASII 05). The genetic distance among the three fish species ranged from 0.018 to 0.318. In three fish population, the shortest genetic distance displaying significant molecular difference was between individual PALLASII no. 03 and PALLASII no. 02 (0.018). Ultimately, individual no. 05 of the PALLASII herring was most distantly related to PALLASII no. 06 (genetic distance = 0.318). From what has been said above, the potential of this PCR analysis to identify diagnostic markers for the identification of three fish populations has been demonstrated. Generally speaking, this PCR analysis method has been applied to identify specific markers particular to line, species and geographical population, as well as genetic diversity/polymorphism in diverse species of organisms (McCormack et al. 2000; Yoon and Kim 2003).