With the increasing demand for flexible electronic devices, smaller and lighter flexible supercapacitors have gained significant research attention. Among the various materials, self-supporting reduced graphene oxide (rGO) paper has emerged as one of the most promising electrode materials for supercapacitors due to its low cost, high chemical/thermal stability, and excellent electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, a major drawback of rGO paper is the limited ion diffusion between stacked rGO layers, hindering the effective formation of electrochemical double-layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface. In this study, we prepared the rGO paper derived from ball-milled followed-by water oxidation process for reducing the sheet size. The smaller-sized rGO sheets facilitated ion transport between graphene layers, promoting efficient electric double-layer formation. Moreover, the increased presence of edge planes in ball-milled rGO sheets achieved high capacitance, further enhancing the performance of rGO as an electrode material. Notably, the 2-BMOX rGO paper obtained from ball-milling and wet-oxidized graphite exhibited a capacitance of 117.9 F/g in cyclic voltammetry (CV) and 128.6 F/g in galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) tests, approximately twice that of conventional rGO. Additionally, the capacitance retained 91% of its initial performance after 2,000 cycles, indicating excellent cycling stability.

목적: 본 연구는 안경원 및 안과의 시력 검사실의 다양한 조도가 피검자의 동공 크기 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 자 하였다. 또한 이러한 동공 크기 변화가 이색검사를 이용한 굴절검사 결과에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 시력 검사실의 적정 조도 수준을 모색하고자 하였다. 방법 : 안질환 관련 수술 경험이 없고 시력과 동공에 영향을 줄 수 있는 전신질환 및 안질환이 없는 성인을 대상 으로 기본 검사(색각 검사, 동공 기능)를 진행하였다. 완전교정 자각식 굴절검사 후에 단안 이색검사를 진행하였다. 4단계의 조도(10, 50, 300, 630 lx)를 설정하고 각 조도에서 적응 후 동공 크기를 측정하였다. 굴절이상 변화는 적 록 차트를 사용하여 교정했으며, 변화가 있는 경우 0.12 D의 구면 렌즈를 추가하여 굴절이상 변화량을 정량화하였 다. 결과 : 각 조도 단계별 굴절이상 값(이색검사 값)의 변화량은 유의한 차이가 있었다(F=37.61, p=0.000*). 뿐만 아니라 동공 크기 증가에 따른 굴절이상 값의 변화량 사이에 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.178, p=0.006**). 그리고 동공 크기가 증가할수록 굴절이상 값의 변화량도 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났 다(p=0.006**). 특히 어두운 조도 환경(10 lx)에서 밝은 조도 환경으로 변환(630 lx) 시 굴절이상 값의 변화는 +0.24 D 이상으로 가장 두드러졌다. 결론 : 시력 검사실의 조도 변화는 피검자의 동공 크기 변화를 유발하며, 이는 굴절이상 값(이색검사 값)의 변화 에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인 중 하나임을 확인하였다. 따라서 실제 안경 착용자가 일상생활을 영위하는 환경의 조 도는 주로 명소시 상태에 해당하므로 안정적이고 최적의 시력 교정효과를 제공하기 위해서는 최소 50 lx 이상의 조 도 상태에서 최종 굴절이상 값의 결과를 확인하는 것이 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

Plant-derived natural products, recognized for their bioactive properties and minimal side effects, have been widely explored for their potential in obesity management. Identifying plant-based agents that can modulate adipocyte function with low cytotoxicity is essential for developing safe and effective anti-obesity interventions. In this study, Philadelphus schrenkii (Korean mock orange) was identified as a promising candidate following an initial screening for agents that exhibit minimal cytotoxicity and reduced adipocyte differentiation, as assessed by Oil Red O staining. The anti-obesity effects of P. schrenkii methanol extract (PSE) were evaluated by using in vitro and in vivo models. PSE treatment significantly reduced C3H10T1/2 preadipocyte differentiation and upregulated thermogenic markers, including Ucp1 and Dio2, in differentiated cells. Although PSE did not induce weight loss, alter food intake, or improve the serum metabolic profiles in a diet-induced obesity mouse model, it notably enhanced the thermogenic Ucp1 expression in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and brown adipose tissue. It also mitigated high-fat diet-induced adiposity in iWAT, accompanied by Protein Kinase A signaling activation. These findings suggest that PSE modulates adipose tissue function by suppressing adipogenesis and promoting thermogenic gene expression without weight reduction or metabolic improvement. Based on these effects, PSE may contribute as a supportive agent to plant-based therapeutic strategies against obesity

This study utilized ray tracing and back-ray tracing to optimally design road lighting for optimal visibility for drivers and pedestrians at night. While conventional road lighting focuses on ensuring sufficient brightness, recent developments require diverse characteristics beyond brightness to ensure optimal visibility for drivers and pedestrians, including reduced glare and uniform ground luminance. Existing road lighting was inadequate for drivers and pedestrians due to serious issues such as glare and uneven illumination. To address these issues, moving beyond capacitance-centric design methods and understanding the path light takes to reach the road surface is crucial. Optical simulation, which assumes a sufficient number of rays, is essential for achieving this goal. To achieve these goals, this study explored the application of ray tracing to the design of road lighting reflectors. Design goals such as uniformity of road area per single light, shading angle, and continuous luminance uniformity over long distances were established. Ray tracing was used to design the ideal road lighting conditions. Back-ray tracing was then used to design the road lighting reflectors. By reducing light loss, power consumption was reduced by almost half while achieving the same brightness on the road, and the shading angle was 75 degrees and the brightness uniformity of the road area was 0.6, achieving the ideal design criteria.