Recent progress has been made to establish intestinal organoids for an in vitro model as a potential alternative to an in vivo system in animals. We previously reported a reliable method for the isolation of intestinal crypts from the small intestine and robust three-dimensional (3D) expansion of intestinal organoids (basal-out) in adult bovines. The present study aimed to establish next-generation intestinal organoids for practical applications in disease modeling-based host-pathogen interactions and feed efficiency measurements. In this study, we developed a rapid and convenient method for the efficient generation of intestinal organoids through the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and continuous apical-out intestinal organoids. Remarkably, the intestinal epithelium only takes 3-4 days to undergo CHIR (1 µM) treatment as a Wnt activator, which is much shorter than that required for spontaneous differentiation (7 days). Subsequently, we successfully established an apical-out bovine intestinal organoid culture system through suspension culture without Matrigel matrix, indicating an apical-out membrane on the surface. Collectively, these results demonstrate the efficient generation and next-generation of bovine intestinal organoids and will facilitate their potential use for various purposes, such as disease modeling, in the field of animal biotechnology.

The bacterial soft-rot disease is one of the most critical diseases in vegetables such as Chinese cabbage. The researchers isolated two bacteria (Pseudomonas kribbensis and Pantoea vagans) from diseased tissue samples of Chinese cabbages and confirmed them as being the strains that cause soft-rot disease. Lactic-acid bacteria (LAB), were screened and used to control soft-rot disease bacteria. The researchers tested the treatments with hypochlorous acid water (HAW) and LAB supernatant to control soft-rot disease bacteria. The tests confirmed that treatments with the HAW (over 120 ppm) or LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum PL203) culture supernatants (0.5 mL) completely controlled both P. kribbensis and P. vagans.

This study was conducted on young children safety helmet to prevent risk of head injuries from external shock. Young children helmet shall be easy to wear and use comfortably. But the young children helmet market in domestic has imported dependently and widely variations in quality because the euro product of high priced and the east asia product of low priced are selling at the same time. Therefore, this study surveyed children under 13 years of age and Married people and studies their actual state of wearing. Furthermore, this study is going to propese the improving wearing of helmet and the major points of quality of helmet and the problem by comparing and reviewing regulations of domestic and foreign.

Methyl Bromide (MB) has been regulated by montreal protocol due to ozone depletion since 1992, and there is a need to develop MB alternative fumigation methods. To find out the efficacies and tolerance in developmental stages of citrus mealybugs (Planococcus citri) which frequently infested in imported pineapples, phosphine(PH3) gas was tested in different exposure times (2~24 hr) and concentrations (0.1∼2g/m3) in small desiccators at 8℃. Based on Lethal 99% concentration × time products (LCTP 99%) of PH3 gas to target developmental insect, 2g/m3 PH3 was applied for 24 hr in 300 m3 fumigation facility, which was designed in well sealed and evacuation system (5 air exchange/min). We monitored PH3 gas in fumigation facility to confirm CTP and checked PH3 gas in atmospheres in air ventiliation process after fumigations to make quarantine guideline and protocol for worker safety as well as efficacy to target pest.

전해정련을 이용한 폐 피복관 처리의 타당성을 살펴보기 위하여, 500℃의 LiCl-KCl 용융염 내에서 표면이 산화된 10 g 규모의Zircaloy-4 피복관 및 순수한 Zircaloy-4 피복관의 전기화학적 거동을 살펴보았다. 산화된 Zircaloy-4 피복관이 담긴 basket을 작업전극으로하여 전압-전류 관계를 측정한 결과, 산화되지 않은 Zircaloy-4 피복관과 비교해 Zr의 산화 peak는 Ag/AgCl 기준전극 대비, 약 -0.7 V ~ -0.8 V로 유사한 반면, 산화 전류의 크기는 확연하게 감소하는 것으로 나타난다. 이러한 결과는 -0.78V의 일정전위를 가한 전기화학적 용해 실험에서 살펴본 전류-시간 곡선에서도 유사하게 나타나며, 피복관 조각들의 평균 두께 및 무게 변화로부터 확인할 수 있다. Zircaloy-4 피복관이 산화되었을 경우, 표면의 산화막이 피복관의 전도성에 영향을 주어 basket 내 위치에 따라 전기화학적 용해의 균일성 및 속도를 떨어뜨리는 것으로 나타나지만, 표면의 미세한 결함과 Zr 산화물의 상 특성으로 인해 전기화학적 용해가 진행되는 것으로 판단된다.

  In the national economy, rate of service industry is going up to compare with manufacture industry. In spite of getting lots of results to be introduced 6 sigma methodology in Korea, many service companies is suffering with trial and errors. Also 6 sigm