톱다리개미허리노린재 (Riptortus pedestris) 상용 집합페로몬을 이용하여 포획할 때 유인되어지는 거리를 규명하고 이를 이용한 대량포획으로 콩 피해 경감 효과를 조사하였다. 집합페로몬 트랩의 재포획 비율은 최초 방사 지점에서 40 m 이내의 트랩에서는 전체 재포획 개체의 76.1%, 80 m 이내에서는 89.0%가 포획 되었으며, 트랩 설치 방위 간에 재포획 개체수는 큰 차이가 없었다. 대량 포획을 통한 피해 경감 효과를 알아보기 위해 집합페로몬 트랩을 농가 포장에 설치한 결과, 트랩수가 증가 할수록 톱다리개미허리노린재 총 포획수는 직선적으로 증가하였다. 페로몬 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적이 770 m2인 포장에서 10주당 수량이 261.8 g 으로 가장 높았으나, 트랩 당 할당 면적과 수량과의 관계에는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적에 따른 종자 형태 비율은 트랩 당 포획 할당 면적이 385 m2와 770 m2 인 포장에서 건전한 A형 종자의 비율이 62% 근처로 높았고 약한 피해립인 B형 종자의 비율이 27% 근처로 가장 낮았다. 톱다리개미허리노린재 집합페로몬 트랩을 이용한 피해 경감 효과는 포장 면적 385∼770 m2 당 1개를 포장 주변에 적절히 설치 운용 한다면 건전립의 비율을 높이고 약한 피해립의 비율을 어느 정도 감소시킬 수 있는 수단으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The EAG (Electroantennogram) has been used to find out chemical substance effective to insect. We tried to use EAG recording for catching of responsible acoustic signals to Lirimyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromizidae). In fly auditory organ known as Johnston's organ located on antenna. Pure tone sounds (sine wave) and courtship songs of several kinds of species were broadcasted to excised head of the fly. Significant EAG signals were detected when released the 20 Hz pure tone sound and long pulse train patterns, which were courtship songs of Cryptonevra inquilina and Lipara japonica (Chloropidae). For conformation of it's effectiveness, we further analyzed movement behavior with the signal got from the EAG recording. Information entropy could represent the specimens activities of movement tracks. The entropy with sound was relatively lower than without sound. The combination of EAG responding and behavioral observation would be useful to analyze the response of insect pest against acoustic signals and develop acoustic pest managing tool in agriculture.

Previous studies indicated that Matsumuraeses phaseoli and M. falcana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are separate species since a few differences were observed in genitalia morphology and female sex pheromone composition. A clear difference was detected in the DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase I of the two species separately collected in different plants and regions. A hybridization test also showed that a post-zygotic reproductive isolation occurred between the species. In field monitoring, however, both species have been caught simultaneously and together in the separate sex pheromone traps installed for the two species around neighboring soybean and red bean fields. Molecular marker-assisted identification with several adults sampled from the trapped insects showed that only ca. 40% of M. phaseoli adults identified as the species by genitalia morphology was the M. phaseoli, while ca. 97% of M. falcana adults identified as the species was the M. falcana. The result indicated that the observation of genitalia did not make a decisive criterion for classification of the insects. Conclusively, it suggested that the sex pheromones of the two species should be studied more precisely although there is a possibility that the two species are hybridized in fields as in laboratory, and speciation is under process.

Matsumuraeses phaseoli and M. falcana cannot be classified with the external morphological characters. Although differences in the morphology of male genitalia and in the mitochondrial DNA sequence of cytochrome oxidase I between the two species have been found, there is no information that the two species are biologically different species till now. We, therefore in this study, tried to cross the two species to observe postzygotic incompatibility in the next hybrid generations and to know whether the two species are 'biological species' or not. In crossing between the parents, two kinds of F1 hybrids were produced successfully. In inter- and intra-breeding between F1 hybrids, two lines crossed with females of F1 hybrid produced by females of M. phaseoli could not produce F2 adults to show inviability of larvae. The other two lines produced F2 adults successfully and the F2 adults produced F3 larvae in inbreeding. In back-crossing between parents and F1 hybrids, the two lines of 8 breeding lines, in which females of F1 hybrid were produced by females of M. phaseoli, could not produce the next generation of larvae. The other six lines produced F2 adults successfully. The results indicated that maternal factors of F1 hybrid produced by M. phaseoli females contributed to create the incompatibility between the F1 females and other lines. In conclusion, the results showed a postzygotic reproductive isolation between M. phaseoli and M. falcana in part.

(E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate (E8E10-12:Ac) and (E)-8-dodecaenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac) have been selected as the candidate chemicals for sex pheromone components of the M. phaseoli, female through GC-EAD tests, whereas the two compounds and an additional candidate, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate (E7Z9-12:Ac), have been found at a ratio of 7:1:1 in the abdominal tip extract (Yum et al., 2008). In order to determine the actual composition of sex pheromone, therefore, several blends using the three chemicals were evaluated for attractiveness to males of M. phaseoli around red bean and soybean fields. Individual components as well as two blends consisted of E8E10-12:Ac/E7Z9-12:Ac and E8-12:Ac/E7Z9-12:Ac did not show attractiveness, whereas the blend of E8E10-12:Ac/E8-12:Ac showed an increased effect in male capture. Of the tested blends with all three chemicals, the 7:1:2 composition of E8E10-12:Ac, E8-12:Ac and E7Z9-12:Ac attracted the most number of males. The results suggested that E7Z9-12:Ac is one of the sex pheromone components and may act as a synergist.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of each single component of the synthetic sex pheromone in the rice green caterpillar, Naranga aenescens and rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Trap catches with each single component or binary mixtures of the sex pheromone in N. aenescens were significantly lower than that with an optimum mixture (2: 1: 4) of Z9-14:Ac, Z9-16:Ac and Z11-16:Ac. But only few number of C. medinalis male was caught in trap baited with each component of the sex pheromone excepting Z13-18:Ald. In an optimum composition of the sex pheromone in C. medinalis, trap catches baited with an 11: 100: 11 mixture of Z11-18:Ald, Z13-18:Ald, and Z13-18:Ac without two alcohol components (Z11-18:OH and Z13-18:OH) was higher than that baited with an optimum mixture of Z11-18:Ald, Z13-18:Ald, Z11-18:OH, Z13-18:OH, and Z13-18:Ac. The efficacy of the sex pheromone lure of N. aenescens kept over 4 weeks. The occurrence of N. aenescens caught in trap baited with sex pheromone gave three peaks and C. medinalis showed two distinct peaks throughout the flight season. Therefore, it can be expected that pheromone-baited trap provides a simple tool for monitoring N. aenescens and C. medinalis in Korea.

This study was carried out to identify the sex pheromone of the soybean podworm, Matsumuraeses phaseoli. EAG response of M. phaseoli male antenna to various chemical compounds were examined. Of them, (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate (E8E10-12:Ac) and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8-12:Ac) were most EAG-active. The abdominal tips of M. phaseoli females were extracted with distilled hexane 4h after light-off for 30 min. In an electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), female extracts showed two EAG-active components. In a GC-MS analysis, three components (E8E10-12:Ac, E8-12:Ac, and (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadienyl acetate) were identical with those of authentic standards following the retention time and their ratio was 7: 1: 1. Of these three components, EAG responses of M. phaseoli males to E8E10-12:Ac and E8-12:Ac were significantly dose-dependent. Field effectiveness of these components remains to be evaluated.

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum composition of sex pheromone of the rice green caterpillar Naranga aenescens and its efficacy was examined in a paddy field. The mating rate of N. aenescens tended to be increased with age, showing the highest rate of mating at age 2. The highest mating showed within 1 h after the scotophase, and also mating took place even during the photophase. A GC-EAD analysis of virgin female extracts showed two EAG-active components. Their chromatographic behavior was coincident with that of an authentic sample of Z9-14:Ac and Z11-16:Ac, respectively. The mass spectrum of two EAG-active components was almost identical to that of the authentic samples. The EAG response to two compounds, Z9-14:Ac and Z11-16:Ac, was significantly dose-dependent, but response to Z9-16:Ac was not dose-dependent. A 2: 1: 4 mixture of Z9-14:Ac, Z9-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ac was the most effective composition for attracting N. aenescens. The male moths increased in proportion to the pheromone amount impregnated. The sticky-typed wing trap baited with sex pheromone captured significantly more males than the other two type of trap examined. Trap catches within a paddy field were much more than those in perimeter trap. The trap-baited with sex pheromone gave three or four distinct fluctuation peaks of male catches throughout the flight seasons.