This study investigates how clothing hygiene has been covered and framed in Korean news articles published between January 1, 1960, and August 31, 2025. A total of 437 articles were collected from the official websites and digital archives of four major daily newspapers (KyungHyang, The Dong-A Ilbo, The Chosun Daily, and The JoongAng). Term frequency (TF), term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), and n-gram analyses were conducted in R and complemented with qualitative keyword-in-context reading. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling (k=5) was also performed to identify major topics and their trends across periods. Findings indicate a recurring configuration in which (1) risk visibility shapes problem framing, (2) solution-oriented innovations in technologies, products, and services are proposed, (3) reporting expands to include consumer-oriented information on choosing and using solutions, and (4) governance through rules, certification, and third-party verification legitimizes claims and reallocates responsibility. Early coverage focused on household practices—laundering, drying, and sunlight disinfection—to manage humidity, odor, mold, and skin diseases. From the 1980s onward, functional and antibacterial textiles and institutional interventions (e.g., scrutiny of laundry services and regulatory or certification schemes) became more prominent. In the 2010s and from 2020 to August 2025, appliance-centered solutions —garment care appliances, dryers, and washing machines—dominated, with growing emphasis on smart, AI-enabled functions, alongside debates over sterilization claims and chemical safety. Overall, responsibility shifted from individual households toward a broader socio-technical network of firms, service providers, certifiers, regulators, and consumers.

We demonstrate a carbonate-suppressed hydrothermal route for synthesizing tetragonal BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles using barium acetate as the Ba source. Commercial TiO2 (P25) was converted to BT in KOH at 240 °C for 6 h without post-annealing. Relative to conventional Ba(OH)2 routes, the acetate precursor markedly reduced BaCO3 formation and narrowed the particle-size distribution. Systematic tuning of the Ba/Ti ratio (≥ 1.3) further optimized nucleation and growth, yielding uniform ~100 nm particles at Ba/Ti = 1.7 with the highest tetragonality (c/a ≈ 1.0076), as verified by XRD (002/200 splitting) and corroborated by Raman signatures of the tetragonal phase. Trace carbonate, when present, could be removed by mild weak-acid washing (e.g., acetic or citric acid) as effectively as with strong acids, but with improved process safety and practicality. The combined use of barium acetate, controlled Ba/Ti chemistry, and gentle carbonate removal yields phase-pure, highly tetragonal BT nanoparticles from low-cost precursors in a short dwell time, offering a scalable pathway to MLCC-grade powders.

Background: Tensor fasciae latae (TFL) and iliotibial tract (ITB) tightness can pull the pelvis during hip lateral rotation (HLR), increasing pelvic rotation due to muscle tension. Among various tests, the HLR test in the prone position (HLRP) is a clinical evaluation tool for assessing lumbopelvic motion with lower-extremity movement. However, performing the HLRP may result in less compensatory motion and a relatively decreased pelvic rotation angle (PRA) because of a wide base of support. Moreover, there were no studies investigating PRA during an HLR test in the standing position (HLRS). Objects: This study aimed to compare the PRA in the horizontal plane during HLRS and the HLRP between individuals with and without TFL/ITB tightness. Methods: Thirty participants with (n = 15) and without (n = 15) TFL/ITB tightness as assessed by Ober’s test, were recruited. The PRA was measured during active HLRS and HLRP. Two-way mixed analysis of variance was used to identify significant differences in the PRA between groups and within positions. Results: When HLRP and HLRS were performed, the PRA in the horizontal plane occurred at 1.65° ± 0.98° and 7.68° ± 4.69°, respectively, in the TFL/ITB tightness group, and at 1.27° ± 1.07° and 2.37° ± 1.96°, respectively, in the control group. A significant interaction effect was identified between groups and positions on the PRA (p < 0.05). Individuals with TFL/ITB tightness had a significantly greater PRA during HLRS than those in the control group. The PRA during HLRS was significantly greater than that during HLRP in individuals with TFL/ITB tightness. Conclusion: These results suggest that TFL/ITB tightness contributes to increased PRA during HLRS compared with HLRP. Clinically, assessment of the PRA in the standing may provide a functional indicator of compensatory pelvic motion during hip rotation of 45°.

Background: Cross-legged sitting posture (CLSP) is common in daily life but may cause asymmetrical loading of the pelvis and spine, potentially leading to postural imbalance and musculoskeletal problems. Although short-term effects of CLSP have been reported, the longterm biomechanical consequences of habitual CLSP remain unclear. Objects: This study compared lumbopelvic alignment and rotational asymmetry between individuals with and without habitual CLSP. Methods: Thirty healthy adults were classified into CLSP (n = 15) and non-CLSP (NCLSP; n = 15) groups based on self-reported sitting habits. Transverse plane pelvic rotation angle (TrPRA) in the supine position and during active straight leg raise (ASLR) was measured using a Smart KEMA motion sensor system, and side-lying lumbopelvic rotation range of motion (SLRR) was assessed with a custom device. Asymmetry index (AI) was calculated for left–right differences. Group comparisons were analyzed using independent t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: Intra-rater reliability of SLRR was very high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.958–0.986). No significant group differences were found in TrPRA in the supine position (p > 0.05) or AI of TrPRA during ASLR (p > 0.05). However, the CLSP group demonstrated significantly greater AI in SLRR than the NCLSP group (13.21% ± 6.64% vs. 7.06% ± 4.90%, p = 0.008, Cohen’s d = 1.05). In 10 of the 15 CLSP subjects, the direction of lumbopelvic rotation corresponded to the preferred leg-crossing side. Conclusion: Habitual unilateral CLSP is associated with significantly greater lumbopelvic rotational asymmetry during active side-lying movement, which may contribute to functional imbalance and increased injury risk. Preventive and corrective strategies should include limiting prolonged CLSP, adopting ergonomic seating, and implementing bilateral mobility, rotational control, and core stability exercises. Postural retraining with visual feedback and task-specific practice may further promote symmetrical sitting habits in clinical and occupational environments.

This study develops a generative AI-based system for automatically generating scholarly topic descriptions within the OpenAlex database and evaluates its performance. Although OpenAlex provides concise topic descriptions, they lack contextual richness and informational coverage, limiting researchers’ ability to quickly grasp the semantic relevance of each topic. To address this issue, this study generated new descriptions for a total of 4,516 topics by utilizing metadata attributes—topic_id, topic_name, description, and keywords—and compared them with the original descriptions. Multiple large language models (LLMs), including GPT, LLaMA, and Mistral, were employed, and a consistent prompt-engineering scheme was designed to ensure the reproducibility of model comparison. A standardized evaluation framework integrating quantitative and qualitative indicators was proposed. Quantitative evaluation included keyword-based Precision, Recall, and F1 scores, ROUGE-L, Specter2 embedding-based cosine similarity, and BERTScore. Qualitative evaluation was conducted using LLM-based pairwise comparison, assessing Relevance, Coverage, and Clarity, with relative rankings determined through the Elo rating system. Furthermore, the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were applied to verify statistical significance. Experimental results revealed distinctive strengths and weaknesses across models, providing a benchmarking foundation for improving automated content generation in scholarly databases such as OpenAlex. The proposed evaluation framework also offers a reproducible and consistent basis for assessing various generative models, contributing to both academic research and practical system development.

커피박 (spent coffee grounds, SCG)은 커피 산업 전 과정에서 대량으로 발생하는 부산물로, 대부분 소각 혹은 매립을 통해 처리되어 환경적, 경제적 부담을 초래한다. 그러나 SCG는 폴리페놀과 플 라보노이드를 비롯한 다양한 생리활성 성분을 함유하고 있어 기능성 소재로 활용 가능성이 크다. 본 연 구에서는 80% 에탄올 용매를 사용하여 SCGE (spent coffee grounds 80% ethanol extract, SCGE)을 확보한 후, 그 항산화, 항균 및 항염증 활성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, SCGE는 221.31 TAE mg/g의 폴 리페놀과 321.66 QE mg/g 플라보노이드 함량을 보였으며, 이는 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성과 유의한 상관성을 나타내었다. 또한 SCGE는 여드름 원인균인 Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes)에 대한 항균 활성을 보였으며, RAW 264.7 대식세포에서 LPS 및 C. acnes 자극으로 유도된 염증 반응을 억제 하였다. 특히, nitric oxide (NO) 생성 억제와 더불어 iNOS 및 COX-2 단백질 발현 감소가 확인되었 다. 나아가 SCGE을 함유한 에멀전 제형은 안정적인 물리적, 화학적 특성을 보여 화장품 소재로서의 적 용 가능성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 SCGE가 항산화, 항균 및 항염증 활성을 동시에 갖춘 지속 가 능한 기능 화장품 원료로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

Smart factory technology, a core component of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, demonstrates significant disparities in technological development across countries. To quantitatively assess these international technology gaps, this study proposes an integrated analytical framework that combines text mining-based topic modeling and social network analysis (SNA), using global smart factory-related patent data from 2017 to 2023. Approximately 4,300 patent documents (titles and abstracts) were collected through the GPASS system and preprocessed. Through Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) modeling with optimized hyperparameters, major technology topics were identified. Semantic interpretation using ChatGPT and expert review enabled the assignment of precise topic labels, which were further mapped to CPC (Cooperative Patent Classification) codes to construct a standardized technology taxonomy. Subsequently, the network structures of topic and classification nodes were analyzed by country (China, the United States, and South Korea), and the relative importance of key technology areas was evaluated using centrality metrics such as degree, closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector centrality. The analysis revealed that, globally, the most central technology areas include manufacturing process management and control, IoT and data-driven decision making, and facility-based process optimization. At the national level, China showed a strategic focus on technologies related to product quality improvement and cost reduction, South Korea emphasized IoT-enabled technologies and equipment-level optimization, while the United States prioritized control systems and data-driven project management. By utilizing patent-based textual data, this study offers a novel methodology for quantitatively diagnosing structural differences in national technological capabilities. The proposed framework provides valuable insights for country-specific R&D planning and strategic decision-making in the field of smart manufacturing.