The currently cultivated varieties of moth orchid flowers have weak or no fragrance and the plant requires high temperatures for cultivation. In order to develop a new variety of orchid that is psychrophilic and fragrant, intergeneric cross between wild wind orchids and moth orchids was performed. In 2009, To obtain intergeneric hybrids from Sedirea japonicum and Neofinetia falcata with moth orchids, artificial crosses with a total of 160 combinations were performed. Most of the cross combinations failed due to crossincompatibility after intergeneric crosses, with no pod formation, premature pod dropping after pod formation, and pod formation that did not produce seeds. From among these, the crosses that formed normal seeds and germinated to produce viable plants included Doritis pulcherrima × S. japonicum, N. falcata × D. pulcherrima, and N. falcata × P. equestris. From the hybrid specimens obtained through these crosses, 2 superior lines (819-3B and K9256) were selected based on their floral morphology, number of flowers, hardiness, and fragrance. Comparative analyses of the morphological and chromosomal traits were performed between the selected hybrid specimens and their parents. The flower and inflorescence characteristics of the selected hybrids exhibited intermediary traits of both the parents; however, more traits from the moth orchids were inherited. For pollinia traits, both 819-3B and K9256 specimens exhibited intermediate forms of their parents in terms of their shape and size. In the case of 819-3B specimen, a high degree of trait similarity with that of D. pulcherrima was observed; whereas, K9256 specimen showed lobes similar to that of P. equestris. The ploidy of moth orchid, S. japonicum, and N. falcata used for crosses was diploid, as determined by microscopic examination and ploidy analysis. The microscopic examination of chromosomes from the intergeneric hybrid pollens revealed mutation of the chromosome count among different specimens as well as irregular chromosome separation. For the production of next-generation progeny using the obtained hybrids, back-cross was performed; however, most of the progeny obtained were sterile and, among the 12 back-crosses, pod formation was noted in S. japonicum × 819-3B and 819-3B × S. japonicum crosses only.

The precipitation behaviors of γ″(Ni3Nb) in four Ni-base alloys were investigated. The four alloys were forged Ni20Cr20Fe5Nb alloy, mechanically alloyed Ni20Cr20Fe5Nb alloy, IN 718 alloy and ECAPed(equal channel angular pressing) IN 718 alloy. Aging treatment was employed at either 600℃ or 720℃ for 20 hrs. The TEM observation and hardness test were performed to identify the formation of γ″. The precipitation of γ″ was noticed after aging at 600℃ for 20 hrs in the mechanically alloyed Ni20Cr20Fe5Nb alloy and ECAPed IN 718 alloy, while it was observed after aging at 720℃ for 20 hrs in the forged Ni20Cr20Fe5Nb alloy and IN 718 alloy before ECAP. The lower aging temperature for γ″ precipitation in the mechanically alloyed Ni20Cr20Fe5Nb alloy and ECAPed IN 718 alloy than in the forged Ni20Cr20Fe5Nb alloy and IN 718 alloy before ECAP appeared to be due to the severe plastic deformation which occurred during mechanical alloying or ECAP.