환경변화에 대응하여 정부 조직이 시민과 공공서비스에 더욱 집중하기 시작했다. 하지만 대부분의 정부 조직은 영리 기업에 비해 소비자친화성을 높이는데 있어 어려움이 많다. 정부가 제공하는 공공서비스의 품질을 향상시키기 위해 이 연구는 소비자 지표에 근거하여 서비스 프로세스를 향상시키는 모델링방법을 제안하였다. 이 모델링 방법은 시민 패널로부터 마케팅 설문 자료를 수집하고 여러 가지 지표를 계산하여 핵심 프로세스를 도출하며 고객 유지 및 성숙 전략을 고안하는

We compared effects of fruit, leaf, and stem extracts from black raspberry on improvement of cholesterol and blood pressure in HepG2 and HUVEC cells, respectively. Cholesterol secretion was inhibited by water extracts of unripe fruit and stem, but not leaf of black raspberry in HepG2 cells. Also, water extracts of unripe fruit, leaf, and stem reduced HMG-CoA reductase activity. Furthermore, nitric oxide production and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) protein were regulated by extracts of fruit, leaf, and stem of black raspberry in HUVEC cells. Overall, the rank order according to the improving level of cholesterol and hypertension is as follows: stem > fruit > leaf. In addition, various polyphenol compounds displayed inhibitory effects of HMG-CoA reductase activity and ACE expression. Thus, these data suggested that leaf and stem as wells as fruit of black raspberry can be used as useful food resources for reduction of cholesterol and blood pressure.