Commonly known as the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species of edible fungi. In the breeding of new button mushroom, Seolwon was developed by crossing two homokaryons. Because of the predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle, only a small percentage of homokaryotic meiospores are produced, which do not fruit. Homokaryotic cultures derived from these types of single spores produce a vegetative mycelium that contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell. After crossing two homokaryons, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. The spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of Seolwon on CDA was better at 25oC when it was compared with that of Seolgang. The mature cap shape of new strain Seolwon is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 39.7 mm on average. In comparison with white strain Seolgang, the strain had a yield that was 11% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 9.7% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 1-2 days later than those of Seolgang. The physical characteristics such as springiness, chewiness, adhesiveness, gumminess were better than that of Seolgang.

To improvement the fruit quality of the korean raspberry fruit, 3 species of bee, Bombus terrestris, Apis mellifera and Osmia cornifrons were used for pollination in korean raspberry fruit field from Korea. This study was also conducted using 3 kinds of methods for pollination effect, natural condition, net-house and control method. Blooming time of korean raspberry fruit shows always in the middle of the May, foraging behavior of bees used in this examination showed different tendency each other. Especially pollinating time of B. terrestris was 2.73sec and transfer time between flower was 2.64sec. Rate of korean raspberry fruit setting pollinated with B. terrestris, A. mellifera, O. cornifrons were showed 83.1%, 80.5%, 77.5% respectively. And, rate of fruit setting of the untreated control and the control (natural condition pollination) were 36.2% and 76.0%. Therefore, korean raspberry fruit set in the case of B. terrestris compared control was superior to 230%, 109% in contrast to natural pollination showed, A. mellifera and O. cornifrons were no significant difference over natural pollination. The quality of the products of korean raspberry fruit pollinated with B. terrestris showed the highest quality as a result fruit diameter 19.5±0.85, fruit weight 2.7±0.32, sugar content 11.2±1.48 Brix%, seed no. of 86.8±10.15. The rate of productivity increase using the Bombus terrestris was 21% in contrast to natural pollination.

To improvement the fruit quality of the korean raspberry and the blueberry fruit, 3 bee species, Bombus terrestris, Apis mellifera, and Osmia cornifrons were used for pollination. The rates of korean raspberry fruit set in the case of pollination with B. terrestris, A. mellifera, and O. cornifrons were 83.1%, 80.5% and 77.5%, respectively. In addition, the rates of fruit set in the case of the untreated control and the control(pollination under natural conditions) were 36.2% and 76.0%, respectively. The products of korean raspberry fruit pollinated with B. terrestris had the highest quality, with a fruit diameter of 19.5±0.85mm; fruit weight, 2.7±0.32g; sugar content, 11.2±1.48 Brix%; seed no., 86.8±10.15. The rate of productivity increase obtained using the B. terrestris was 21% greater than that obtained using natural pollination. And, the rate of blueberry fruit setting pollinated with B. terrestris, A. mellifera, O. cornifrons were showed 87.7%, 89.6%, 66.5% respectively. And, rate of fruit setting of the untreated control and the control(natural condition pollination) were 15.4% and 80.3%. The rate of productivity increase obtained using the B. terrestris was 9%∼17% greater than that obtained using natural pollination.

This study attempts to propose the possibility of the sex reversal in Tegillarca granosa and Ruditapes philippinarum by confirming the changes in the sex ratio with the shell length (SL) in the same population level. For analysis of sex ratio with SL, 1500 individuals of T. granosa (SL 10.1-45.0 mm) and 712 individuals of R. philippinarum (SL 15.1-70.0 mm) were used. Sex was analyzed histologically. The average sex ratios (F:M) of T. granosa and R. philippinarum were 1:1.22 and 1:0.96, respectively. However, sex ratio was found to differ when the clams were divided into groups according to SL in 5.0 mm intervals. Both species displayed the tendency of increase in the proportion of female with increase in SL. In this study, changes in the sex ratio in accordance with the growth of T. granosa and R. philippinarum are determined to be indirect evidence that signifies their sex reversal.