Methyl bromide (MB) has been banned by Montreal Protocol due to ozone depletion in developed countries since 2005 but uses for quarantine & pre-shipment (QPS) remains exemption. Current MB alternatives such as phosphine gas, ethyl formate has been showing their potential in terms of their no phytotoxic damages to target perishable commodities post fumigation as well as their efficacy at low temperature. We evaluated phosphine (PH3) gas as MB alternatives welsh onion, carrot, and lettuce fumigation. on sensitivity test, larvae of Aphis gossypii were most tolerant to PH3 among the all stage of A. gossypii, Tetranychus urticae and Plutella xylostella. The LC99 and LCT99 value of mixture gas for adult of A. gossypii was 1.79 mg/L (24hr, 5℃) and 33.56 mg h/L(5℃), respectively. On confirmation trials scheduled in 28m3 container for 24hr at 5℃, all stages of T. urticae was completely controlled in 2g/㎥ of phosphine gas, but A. gossypii and M. persicae were not completely controled. No phytotoxic damage was observed in vegetables.

A new collembolan species (Paranura rosea) which was native to Korea was selected for evaluating the effect of temperature on their biology. Development, and reproduction of P. rosea were investigated at 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ Hatchability of egg was not affected by experimental temperature, and the lower threshold temperature for development of P. rosea was estimated to be 7.53℃. The temperature reduced the juvenile and adult (maturity period). The intrinsic rate of natural increase and finite rate of increase per week at 20℃ which are maximum values showed significant difference with other experimental temperatures. Survival rate, cumulative reproduction and head capsule width was fitted by several models. Especially, the model which fitted for estimating head capsule width was used to determine their life stage. Estimated head capsule width of P. rosea at the initial oviposition varied with temperature from 0.36 ± 0.007 to 0.45 ± 0.007 with maximum at 20℃ and minimum at 30℃, and significant difference was observed at all the experimental temperature (P<0.05). However, estimated head capsule width at the last oviposition showed different statistically result at only 30℃. Molting frequency per week of one P. rosea was increased as the temperature increased. Based on this study, temperature greatly influenced on their life stage and reproduction. Therefore, relationship between temperature and P. rosea is very important for understanding their biology.

This study was conducted to examine the potential of surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) to screen Tetranychus urticae resistance to pyridaben and dicofol. T. urticae is one of the most important pests in greenhouse and orchard, and huge expense is needed to control because of its strong resistance to acaricides. Consequently speedy and accurate monitoring of acaricidal resistance is the key factor of IPM for T. urticae. SELDI-TOF MS is a novel approach to biomarker discovery that combines two powerful techniques: chromatography and mass spectrometry. It can provide a rapid protein expression profile of acaricidal sensitive and resistant T. urticae. In this study we had different protein and peptide patterns between sensitive and resistant strains to pyridaben and dicofol. In the future this results could be a useful data to develop a good monitoring tool of site and host specific mite resistance to various acaricides.

The video game Tetris is one of most popular game and it is well known that its game rule can be modelled as MDP (Markov Decision Process). This paper presents a DQN (Deep Q-Network) based game agent for Tetris game. To this end, the state is defined as the captured image of the Tetris game board and the reward is designed as a function of cleared lines by the game agent. The action is defined as left, right, rotate, drop, and their finite number of combinations. In addition to this, PER (Prioritized Experience Replay) is employed in order to enhance learning performance. To train the network more than 500000 episodes are used. The game agent employs the trained network to make a decision. The performance of the developed algorithm is validated via not only simulation but also real Tetris robot agent which is made of a camera, two Arduinos, 4 servo motors, and artificial fingers by 3D printing.