Carbon nanofiber (CNF) is used as an electrode material for electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs), and is being consistently researched to improve its electrochemical performance. However, CNF still faces important challenges due to the low mesopore volume, leading to a poor high-rate performance. In the present study, we prepared the unique architecture of the activated mesoporous CNF with a high specific surface area and high mesopore volume, which were successfully synthesized using PMMA as a pore-forming agent and the KOH activation. The activated mesoporous CNF was found to exhibit the high specific surface area of 703 m2 g−1, total pore volume of 0.51 cm3 g−1, average pore diameter of 2.9 nm, and high mesopore volume of 35.2 %. The activated mesoporous CNF also indicated the high specific capacitance of 143 F g−1, high-rate performance, high energy density of 17.9-13.0Wh kg−1, and excellent cycling stability. Therefore, this unique architecture with a high specific surface area and high mesopore volume provides profitable synergistic effects in terms of the increased electrical double-layer area and favorable ion diffusion at a high current density. Consequently, the activated mesoporous CNF is a promising candidate as an electrode material for high-performance EDLCs.

The pea aphid Acyrthosiphom pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a pestiferous species with a worldwide distribution. We investigated the development periods and survivorship of A. pisum nymph, and longevity and fecundity of A. pisum adult. The study was conducted at five constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. Higher temperature threshold (TH) and lower temperature threshold (TL) were calculated by two nonlinear functions. The temperature range of A. pisum from TL to TH using empirical model (29.29) was wider than that using biophysiological model (21.85). The adult emergence frequency of A. pisum over full range of constant temperatures was simulated using developmental rat

The cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest on several species of legumes. We investigated the development periods and survivorship of A. craccivora nymph, and longevity and fecundity of A. craccivora adult. The study was conducted at five constant temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C, respectively. The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) of A. craccivora nymph stage were estimated by linear regression. Higher temperature threshold (TH) and lower temperature threshold (TL) were calculated by biophysiological model. Developmental completion of A. craccivora nymph stage was described using a two-parameter Weibull distribution model. Life table parameters were estimated by the jackknife method.

사용후핵연료 파이로프로세싱에서는 방사성 희토류 염화물(RECl3)을 함유한 LiCl-KCl 공융염폐기물이 발생되며, 핫셀시설에서 운영을 목적으로 단순한 형태의 공융염폐기물 처리공정을 개발하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는, LiCl-KCl 공융염폐기물 내 희토류 핵종 분리/고화공정의 단순화를 목적으로 Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3계의 무기합성매질을 이용하여 LiCl-KCl 공융 염 내 희토류 핵종(Nd)을 분리한 후 분리생성물을 바로 고화하는 시험을 실시하였다. 공융염 내 희토류 염화물(NdCl3) 대비 0.67의 무게비에 해당하는 무기합성매질의 양으로도 Nd 핵종을 98wt% 이상 분리할 수 있었고, 이 때 얻은 희토류 핵종 포집생성물은 약 50wt% 수준의 희토류 산화물 함량을 보유하고 있었으며, 이 포집생성물을 화학적 내구성이 우수한 단일상의 균질한 유리고화체로 제조할 수 있었다. 이 결과들은 LiCl-KCl 공융염폐기물 내 희토류 핵종의 분리/고화공정을 단순화하기 위한 방안수립에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The seaweed Ecklonia cava, a brown algae abundant in JeJu Island, South Korea, has large amounts of the polyphenol compound phloroglucinol (PG, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), which has been proposed to exert interesting biological properties including antioxidant and radioprotective effects against ionizing radiation-induced damages in various cells and tissues. To identify antioxidant and radioprotective effects of PG in skin tissues, we exposed mice to 8.5 Gy whole body irradiation (WBI) at day 6 after depilation with and without PG treatment. In PG treated cases, PG was applied twice, once at 17.8 hours before and then at the time of WBI. At 8 hours after WBI, a reduction in the formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substrates (TBARS) was observed in the PG treated group. Upon western blot analysis, PG treatment overexpressed the MnSOD, catalase, and GPx-1, although the difference was not significant. In parallel with the results of western blot analysis, the percentage of MnSOD-and catalase-positive cells was significantly increased at 8 and 24 hours after WBI, while no significant difference was observed over 48 hours in PG treated skins. Moreover, PG treatment increased the percentage of Ki-67 positive cells compared with that of irradiated only mice at 8 hours after WBI. Our results suggest that PG is effective at attenuating oxidative stress, and that the promotion of antioxidant enzymes such as MnSOD and catalase may be an important aspect for its radioprotection in skin.

The present study was to evaluate effects of vitamin E on intravenous administration of lidocaine-induced antinociception. Experiments were carried out using male Sprague-Dawley rats. Orofacial formalin-induced nociceptive behavioral responses were used as the orofacial animal pain model. Subcutaneous injection of formalin produced significant nociceptive scratching behavior. Intraperitoneal injection of 5 and 10 mg/kg of lidocaine attenuated formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in the 2nd phase, compared to the vehicle-treated group. Intraperitoneal injection of 1 g/kg of vitamin E also attenuated the formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in the 2nd phase, compared to the vehicle-treated group. However, low dose of vitamin E (0.5 g/kg) did not affect the nociceptive behavioral responses produced by subcutaneous injection of formalin. The present study also investigated effects of intraperitoneal injection of both vitamin E and lidocaine on orofacial formalin-induced behavioral responses. Vehicle treatment affected neither formalin-induced behavioral responses nor lidocaineinduced antinociceptive effects. However, intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 g/kg of vitamin E enhanced the lidocaineinduced antinociceptive effects in the 2nd phase compared to the vehicle-treated group. Intraperitoneal injection of naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, did not affect antinociception produced by intraperitoneal injections of both vitamin E and lidocaine. These results suggest that treatment with vitamin E enhances the systemic treatment with lidocaine-induced antinociception and reduces side effects when systemically treated with lidocaine. Therefore, the combined treatment with vitamin E and lidocaine is a potential therapeutic for chronic orofacial pain.

The goal of this master plan is to revitalize the local economy and provide local citizens with a place for leisure activities by transforming the magnificent pine forestscape at Geumam neighborhood park into a tourism resource. The present study has analyzed and synthesized the natural and human environments of the target site, which is located in Noam-dong, Namwon-si, in Jeollabuk-do. This master plan has adopted a motto, “engage five senses in pine trees; entertain five senses for fine life”, to express its philosophy of how to utilize the resources of pine trees. To this end, the present study has specified the suggested contents based on literature review of the studies on pines. Beyond an ordinary theme park, this master plan has been designed to create a central space that connects many rural village forests located in Namwon. In this master plan, main facilities have been suggested: the pine exhibition/experience hall, where visitors can appreciate and experience various materials related to pines; and the pinewood cabin, which is built with huge pine trunks, providing multiple functions as a space for rest and recreation ; the healing forest, which utilizes the existing pine forest; the pine sculpture garden; and the pine poem garden. In addition, the present study suggests two representative tourism resources of Namwon as symbolic elements: the herbs and royal azaleas of Mt. Jiri. unique hands-on pine experience activities available at these spaces have been proposed in two categories: festival programs and year-round programs.

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of landscape elements and landscape management plans, by comparing and analyzing those plans within the preservation management plan of the 4 provincial parks in Jeollabuk-do Province. A landscape management plan includes both natural and cultural landscape plans, in similar proportions. While a forest’s vegetation landscape is presented as the main focus of natural landscape management, temple landscape and landscape control points (LCPs) are the main focus of cultural landscape management. Analysis of the specific plans by the landscape management strategies, shows that an enhancement approach was incorporated into most of them, while reduction, avoidance, compensation and remediation approaches were also included in part. Management of natural landscape elements such as vegetation and forests is included in the plans, which aim to improve the negative factors and conditions that impair the landscape, by means of reduction, remediation, and compensation. Cultural landscape management such as LCP management, and management of temple landscape and other scenic elements, can usually be categorized as either enhancement or avoidance strategies. The objective of such plans appears to be the improvement of negative landscapes, through management strategies of reduction, remediation, avoidance, and compensation, while also managing the positive landscape elements with enhancement strategies. Historic-cultural landscape elements were revealed to be highly prioritized in provincial parks, as these landscape types were managed in every park in this study. Vegetation landscape management was concentrated at Mt. Moaksan, and this indicates that the importance of vegetation landscape is relatively low within the natural landscapes of the Jeollabuk-do provincial parks. Overall, management in each park appears to be focused on a unique landscape type characteristic of that park, such as vegetation, topographical, or facilities landscape.

The effects of some essential oils and Sopophora extract on Frankliniella occidentalis adults, Myzus persicae adults, Plutella xylostella larvae, and Spodoptera exigua larvae were investigated. Insecticidal and phytotoxicity activities of emulsion in water formulations containing the active essential oils as active ingredients under laboratory and pot conditions were also tested. Based on these results, NRS-13 and NRS-24 formulations were selected to further assess as follows; the GC and GC-MS analysis on the active essential oils, the quantity analysis of the major components contained in the formulations, their insecticidal activities under pot and field conditions, and their oral, dermal, skin and eye irritation, and fish toxicities. Thus, the NRS-13 (BaechooSaferTM) and NRS-24 (JindiOutTM) formulations could be considered as insecticides for pest control.

Bee pollen have been used for centuries as a kind of traditional medicine and food diets additive due to their nutritional and biological properties. The present study was to evaluate the biological features of ethanol extracts of 18 different bee pollen (EEBP) samples collected from 16 locations of South Korea. Our results indicated most of the EEBP samples showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, inhibitory activities against human β-amyloid precursor cleavage enzyme (BACE-1), and antiproliferative activities towards five cancer cell lines. However, these EEBP samples did not present human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities, and intestinal bacteria growth inhibitory activities.

The American house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961 (Acari: Pyroglyphidae), is recognized as an important source of allergens in the domestic environment. An assessment was made of the toxicity of constituents from essential oil of cade, Juniperus oxycedrus L. (Cupressaceae), and related compounds as well as four experimental spray formulations containing the oil (10–40 g/liter sprays) to adult D. farinae. In a contact + fumigant mortality bioassay, methyleugenol (24-h LC50,5.82 μg/cm2) and guaiacol (8.24 μg/cm2) were the most toxic constituents to the mites and the toxicity of these constituents and benzyl benzoate did not differ significantly.

In this paper, we study the lunar eclipse records in the Goryeosa (History of the Goryeo Dynasty), an official history book of the Goryeo dynasty (A.D. 918 – 1392). In the history book, a total of 228 lunar eclipse accounts are recorded, covering the period from 1009 to 1392. However, we find that two accounts are duplications and four accounts correspond to no known lunar eclipses around the dates. For the remaining lunar eclipses, we calculate the magnitude and the time of the eclipse at different phases using the DE406 ephemeris. Of the 222 lunar eclipse accounts, we find that the minimum penumbral magnitude was 0.5583. For eclipses which occurred after midnight, we find that some accounts were recorded on the day before the eclipse, like the astronomical records of the Joseonwangjosillok (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), while others were on the day of the lunar eclipse. We also find that four accounts show a difference in the Julian dates between this study and that of Ahn et al., even though it is assumed that the Goryeo court did not change the dates in the accounts for lunar eclipses that occurred after midnight. With regard to the contents of the lunar eclipse accounts, we confirm that the accounts recorded as total eclipses are accurate, except for two accounts. However, both eclipses were very close to the total eclipse. We also confirm that all predicted lunar eclipses did occur, although one eclipse happened two days after the predicted date. In conclusion, we believe that this study is very helpful for investigating the lunar eclipse accounts of other periods in Korea, and furthermore, useful for verifying the calendar dates of the Goryeo dynasty.

The bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a polyphagous species and worldwide distribution. We investigated the development periods and survivorship of R. padi nymph, and longevity and fecundity of R. padi adult. The study was conducted at six constant temperatures of 10.0, 15.0, 20.0, 25, 30.0, and 32.5°C, respectively. R. padi developed successfully from nymph to adult stage at all temperatures tested. Developmental rate of R. padi increased as temperature increased from 10.0 to 25.0°C and declined after then. The lower developmental threshold (LDT) and thermal constant (K) of R. padi nymph stage were estimated by linear regression. Higher temperature threshold (TH) and lower temperature threshold (TL) were calculated by two nonlinear functions. LDT and K of R. padi nymph stage were 5.61°C and 100.65DD. The temperature range of R. padi from TL to TH using empirical model (32.18) was wider than that from biophysiological model (27.08). Developmental completion of R. padi nymph stage was described using a two-parameter Weibull distribution model. The adult emergence frequency of R. padi over full range of constant temperatures was simulated using developmental rate functions and Weibull function. Daily egg production of R. padi in relation to adult age and temperature was estimated. Life table parameters were estimated by the jackknife method.