To understand microorganism effects on wild mushroom fruiting bodies, we investigated the fungi in hyphosphere soil supporting wild mushroom species Cortinarius violaceus, Amanita hemibapha, Laccaria vinacelavellanea, and Amanita verna found in the Gotjawal area of Jeju Island. Fungal species identification based on morphological traits and molecular analysis of ITS, LSU rDNA, and -tubulin gene sequences resulted in isolation and identification of eleven fungal species previously unrecorded in Korea. These newly-recorded species are: Arthrinium kogelbergensis, Kalmusia longisporum, Keithomyces carneum, Neopyrenochaeta cercidis, Penicillium ranomafanaense, Phomatodes nebulosa, Pyrenochaeta nobilis, Tolypocladium album, Talaromyces kendrickii, Talaromyces qii, and Umbelopsis gibberispora, and their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic positions are described.

Occurrence spontaneous mushrooms in eastern Jeju Muryeongarioreum, Sillyecheon-Iseungak, Kyoraegotjawal, Geomunoreum were examined in 2016. The collected mushrooms were classified by 15 order 56 family 149 genera 317 species. Among the collected mushrooms, 87 species of mushrooms were successfully incubated in mushroom complete medium in which DNA of 25 species were completely extracted and amplified using universal primers ITS1 (5’-CTTG GTCA TTTA GAGG AAGT AA-3’) and ITS4 (5’-TCCT CCGC TTAT TGAT ATGC-3’). Four species of them were differently identified between the classification by morphological observation and by analysis of DNA sequences i.e. by morphological identification Ganoderma applanatum, Armillaria gallica, Macrolepiota procera and Trametes gibbosa were identified as G. gibbosum, A. cepistipes, M. detersa and T. elegans by analysis of DNA sequences, respectively. Based on these results both identification ways might be necessary for correct classification of mushrooms. On the other hand, among the collected 317 mushrooms, 48 species could be identified to genus but not to species by the morphological observations. However, by the analysis of DNA sequences, 15 species were identified to species in which 6 species were unregistered mushrooms in Korea. Therefore, the analysis of DNA sequence may be useful to identify the mushrooms which are difficult to recognize by morphological observation.