In this study, the applicability of biodiesel fuel was investigated as an hopeful alternative fuel for a compression ignition engine. The exhausted smoke emission of biodiesel fuel was reduced remarkably in comparison with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it was reduced approximately 64% at 2500 rpm, full load condition. And, torque, power and brake specific energy consumption rate did not showed significant differences. But, NOx emission of biodiesel fuel was slightly increased in comparison with the commercial diesel fuel. Generation of CO2 is considerably reduced by photosynthetic action in the course of growing biomass series plants, the material for biodiesel fuel.

The objective of this study was to know the in vitro effects of supplemental anthelmintic plant extracts on the inhibition of protozoa for reducing methane production in the rumen. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. The plant extracts (Lonicera japonica, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Pyrethrum, Torreya nucifera, Ruta graveolens) known to have anthelmintic effect were added to the in vitro fermentation bottles containing the rumen fluid and medium. The rumen protozoal population was depressed by the addition of Pyrethrum, Torreya nucifera and Ruta graveolens. The methane production was also significantly (p<0.05)reduced by addition of Pyrethrum (2.20 ml/g DM), Torreya nucifera (2.36 ml/g DM) and Ruta graveolens (2.20 ml/g DM). The microbial growth in the treatments of Ruta graveolens or anthoxylum piperitum was the greatest after 12 h and 24 h incubations, respectively. The results of this study indicated that anthelmintic plant extracts appeared to reduce methane production by inhibition of ruminal protozoa related with the methanogens living endosymbiotic in protozoal cells.

Withthe increasing trend of global trades and protection of agro-ecosystem in importing and exporting countries against quarantine pest, quarantine and pre-shipment(QPS) fumigation in perishable commodities is now more important to maintain postharvest quality until delivering to end user not just eradiation of quarantine pest. However, there are limited use of MB fumigation on export fruits and vegetables due to phytotoxic damages of fumigated one. VapormateTM, alternative to methyl bromide(MB), a gas formulation of ethyl formate(EF) with carbon dioxide, is commercially in use for imported fruits fumigation such as bananas and lemon. Herein, based on previous preliminary studies, scale-up and commercial scale fumigation of ethyl formate is presented for promising export paprika and tomato. Efficacy of ethyl formate was described in terms of concentration × time (CT) products to Myzus persicae for paprika and Bemisia tabaci for tomato.

The smoke emission of biodiesel fuel was reduced remarkably in comparison with diesel fuel, that is, it was reduced approximately 36% at 2000rpm, full load condition. And, power, torque and brake specific energy consumption showed no significant differences. However, NOx emission of biodiesel fuel was increased compared with commercial diesel fuel. Also, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) to reduce the NOx emission has been investigated. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with biodiesel fuel(20vol-%) and cooled EGR method(10∼15%).

In this paper, the effect of oxygen component in fuel on the exhaust emissions has been investigated for a direct injection diesel engine. It was tested to estimate change of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenated blended fuel which has seven kinds of mixed ratio. And, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission have been investigated. Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether(EGBE) contains oxygen component 27% in itself, and it is a kind of effective oxygenated fuel of mono-ether group that the smoke emission of EGBE is reduced remarkably compared with commercial diesel fuel, that is, it can supply oxygen component sufficiently at higher loads and speeds in a diesel engine. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx was achieved with oxygenated fuel and cooled EGR method.

In this paper, the effects of oxygen component in oxygenated additives blended fuels on the exhaust emissions have been investigated for direct injection diesel engine. It tested to estimate changes of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenated additives blended fuels which have four kinds of fuel and various mixed rates. And, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission and brake specific fuel consumption rate also have been investigated. The results of this study show that individual hydrocarbons as well as total hydrocarbon of oxygenated blended fuels are reduced remarkably compared with diesel fuel. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with oxygenated blended fuels and cooled EGR metho

In developing new generation vehicles, the fuel cell hybrid vehicle has become more important as environmental standards become more stringent. This paper details the Fuel Cell Hybrid Radio Control Car (FCHRC) with proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack(75×55×65mm, 6V, 5A) and a secondary battery(7.4V, 2A) charged up by a solar cell(61mm x 110mm, 1.7V, 450mA). The design work of the FCHRC was made progress by CATIA modeling & assembling before manufacturing it. In this paper, we will focus on the automatic conversion of a power source between the PEMFC and the secondary battery, and finding the optimum conditions (temperature, humidity, airflow rate and hydrogen pressure) through thousands of performance tests in the humidity-temperature program controller. The purpose is that the models and data from the experiments we conducted will contribute to the ongoing development of the fuel cell hybrid car.