Stress distribution and deformation on the cross tension type spot welded lap joint subjected to out of plane tensile load were investigated by finite element method. For the rational design of spot welded joint, it is needed to assess to repeatedly the fatigue life of the joint with various dimensions and welding conditions. In this paper, an automation of repeated process of fatigue life assessment for spot welded cross tension type joint was studied. The process is related to stress analysis in vicinity of weld-toe and fatigue life assessment based on analyzed stress distribution. With the change of design condition including dimensions and welding heat input, the above two works have to be performed. Using the commercial tool for system integration, ModelCenter, an automation of the repeated process for spot welded cross tension type joint based on 2D modeling was achieved. In this automation system, data exchanges between programs regardless of commercial and parametric studies for optimal design can be performed.
The design of a memory control chip is described which is intended for embedded operation in VLSI Chip for 3D image application. It consists of two SRAMs and memory controller. The two memories section and their address counters are being swapped from the storage to the call clock. The systems offers improved accuracy, repeatability, portability, and flexibility not available in current commercial systems. To reduced a chip, 4T(4 transistors) SRAM cells are used instead of the standard SRAM cells 6T (6 transistors) by which the leakage current is drastically reduced and low power is achieved. The layout of the memory chip is realized using Electric layout editor, the DRC and LVS is verified using Electric and post layout simulated with LT SPICE tool of computer.
In this research, the welding experiment was carried out with both the steel materials (SS400+SS400, SUS304+SUS304) and the different steel materials (SS400+ SUS304), where SS400 is a general structural rolled steel material and SUS304 is a cold strip stainless steel sheet. The average of yield point of a SS400 experimental piece was the most highest point with 2015.54 N/m2. Although welding defects were not found with the naked eye, it was sure that there were some wilding defects because there were no stress against load through experiments. The rate of yield point of experimental piece A, experimental piece B and experimental piece C was respectively 1.7mm, 1.3mm and 2.6mm. The rate of breakdown was respectively 39.77mm, 17.97mm and 2.6mm. So considering price and efficiency with use condition is very important. SS400 and SUS304 will be profited from considering price and mechanical property with use condition.
In developing new generation vehicles, the fuel cell hybrid vehicle has become more important as environmental standards become more stringent. This paper details the Fuel Cell Hybrid Radio Control Car (FCHRC) with proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack(75×55×65mm, 6V, 5A) and a secondary battery(7.4V, 2A) charged up by a solar cell(61mm x 110mm, 1.7V, 450mA). The design work of the FCHRC was made progress by CATIA modeling & assembling before manufacturing it. In this paper, we will focus on the automatic conversion of a power source between the PEMFC and the secondary battery, and finding the optimum conditions (temperature, humidity, airflow rate and hydrogen pressure) through thousands of performance tests in the humidity-temperature program controller. The purpose is that the models and data from the experiments we conducted will contribute to the ongoing development of the fuel cell hybrid car.
An Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) installed in a nuclear power plant is the primary power source, supplying AC power to Class 1E power systems when the main turbine generator and offsite power source are not available. Thus, reliability of the EGD is essential for plant safety and availability. In this paper, the EDG is selected for a Long Term Asset Management (LTAM) strategy and the results are summarized briefly. The LTAM strategy is intended to provide an effective long-term planning tool for minimizing unplanned capability loss and then optimizing maintenance programs and capital investments consistent with plant safety and an identified plant operating strategy. Such an operating strategy might include license renewal or retaining the option for license renewal.
In this paper, cycle performance analysis of cascade refrigeration system using natural refrigerants R744 for low temperature cycle, and R290, R600, R600a, R717 for high temperature cycle are presented to offer the basic design data for the operating parameters of the system. The operating parameters considered in this study include subcooled and superheated degree, and condensing and evaporating temperature, temperature difference of cascade heat exchanger in cascade refrigeration system. The COP of cascade refrigeration system increases with the increasing subcooled degree, but there is no significant changes with the increasing superheated degree. The COP of cascade refrigeration system depends on evaporating and condensing temperatures of cascade heat exchanger. The COP of cascade refrigeration system using natural refrigerants is similar to the COP using freon refrigerant (R23 / R22). Points to be considered are th security, the attached facilities for natural refrigerants than COP.
The feasibility study for reducing ship resistance was carried out. A thin plate was installed in front of bow to guide the air which was induced to the bottom just following to the hull surface when ship is running fast. To confirm the reduction of surface friction, model test in the high speed CWC and numerical simulation were implemented. The results show that the induced air to the bottom is increasing according to the increasing of air velocity and it plays an important role to reduce the frictional resistance.
The Heavy Water Reactor(HWR) Heat Transport(HT) system transient analysis for the design of major nuclear equipment during normal and abnormal operating conditions was performed. The compliance with requirements of AECB Regulatory Document R-77 for CANDU reactor was estimated in CANDU-9 nuclear reactor. The analysis results showed that for each postulated accident the peak pressure values in the reactor headers are within the acceptance criteria given in ASME code requirements and the fuel overheating is prevented. The analysis results showed that the flow reversal through the fuel channel occurred but didn't result in any damage on the fuel bundle.
In this paper, the effects of oxygen component in oxygenated additives blended fuels on the exhaust emissions have been investigated for direct injection diesel engine. It tested to estimate changes of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics for the commercial diesel fuel and oxygenated additives blended fuels which have four kinds of fuel and various mixed rates. And, the effects of exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) on the characteristics of NOx emission and brake specific fuel consumption rate also have been investigated. The results of this study show that individual hydrocarbons as well as total hydrocarbon of oxygenated blended fuels are reduced remarkably compared with diesel fuel. It was found that simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emission was achieved with oxygenated blended fuels and cooled EGR metho
In this study, the researcher investigated the effects of water mist nozzle shape on water mist according nozzle shape angle(=30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°). It was found that the water mist spray with nozzle When exit angle of water mist nozzle is =90° as result examining about spray special quality of water mist, velocity distribution was expose to maximum. And temperature distribution of target plate was looked tendency that range low. Water mist spray system that consider in this research is one of the most important utilities providing water mist in order to supply fire extinguishing.
The nut is one of the mechanical binding elements for the purpose of mechanical structure. But the weak point of the nut is that the binding force can be loosened due to various kinds of mechanical vibration. In this thesis, the new locknut is researched and developed to overcome the weak point of the existing nut. There is a spring inside of the locknut, which induces the pressure to the teeth of the screw by elastic force of spring and prevents unlocking of the mechanical structure. Therefore, by applying the locknut which comes out of this study to the mechanical structure, we can obtain not only the credibility of the products, but also the cost down through reducing the number of working process steps.
Recently, the engineering designer of injection mold has become more and more dependent on the CAE. In the design factors of injection mold, the shrinkage rate should be considered as one of the important performances to produce the reliable products. Therefore, the shrinkage rate can be mostly calculated by the MoldFlow and CATIA in the design process. However, it is not easy to predict the shrinkage rate of a plastic injection mold in its design process because the analysis can take minutes to hours, the high computational costs of performing the analysis limit their use in design optimization. In this study, the surrogate models based on the Taguchi Design in order to optimize the shrinkage rate of bevel gear injection mold is used instead of the original models, facilitating design optimal design.
World Widely, a lot of gearboxes are being developed for the increase of fuel efficiency. Among them, CVT has an infinite gear and shifts gear at the best situation which makes it have no impact by changing speed and reduce the expense of fuel. We designed and manufactured 2ranked gearbox for V-belt similar to CVT. We studied an energy generated when it is functioning and had an experiment of forwarding power of it. These studies are planned to find out its functions and the efficiency of forwarding power of it.
A Vacuum pump for industrial machinery(fuel dispenser for gas station) is developed using reverse engineering process. The 3-D Modelling for a sample imported pump is constructed by 3-D scanner and CATIA. The kinematic analysis are accomplished using LMS Virtual Lab. The analysis shows quite reasonable result. The prototype vacuum pumps are fabricated by the die casting method with 3-D modelling. The pumps show applicable performances compared to the current pump with a point of view of pressure, durability.
This paper is concerned with the designing and making small unmanned aerial vehicle robot. In general, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) is the aircraft without human pilot and then controlled by computer programs or person in Ground Control Center(GCC). The UAV can be used very widely and effectively in disasters situations, for example, exploration of fires in mountains and salvation of missing peoples in earthquakes. In these essential purposes of UAV, it is very demandable to design and make the commercial model nowadays. So this is the very practical and economical results in designing and making the small UAV robot. The main body of aerial vehicle is studied by inspection of aerodynmic concepts and made as commercial model. All electrical and computer-controlled systems are studied and selected to satisfy the desired functions and specifications of UAV. The results of experimental flights by the newly designed and assembled UAV robot in this paper show the possibilities and practicalities. Finally, the UAV robot of this research proves the possibility of field adaptations in real disastrous situations.
The cost to electricity is cheaper at night due to electric supply and demand policy in Korea. During daytime the loads are higher and extra generators are brought "on-line" to meet the demand. In the middle of night loads are lower and they need to throttle back the generators. So KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation) offers "time of use" (TOU) rates to balance the grid load. The night storage heaters are generally on a separate circuit which is only switched on when the night rate is activated. Since 2000 the price of NG, kerosene and other petroleum based fuel for heating has been increased rapidly and overtook the price of electricity at last, so more and more people have chosen night storage heaters to save energy price. Currently about 900,000 customers are using electric night heaters and this causes shift of peak demand time to night in winter and increase of deficit spending. To solve this problem, replacing electric night heater by air-source heat pump has been proposed. An air-source heat pump can provide efficient heating and cooling for building, especially in a warm climate. When properly installed, an air-source heat pump can deliver one-and-a-half to three times more heat energy to a building than the electrical energy it consumes. This is possible because a heat pump moves heat rather than converting it from a fuel, like in combustion heating systems.
Diesel particulate matter is one of the major harmful emissions under strict regulations. The exhaust after-treatment devices are added to the diesel engines as stricter regulations are introduced worldwide. In the present study, new system of smoke reduction of diesel engine is proposed. This new system is using suction equipment and fiber glass filter included moisture for capture smoke. For verification of new system experiments are performed at diesel engine. As a result it is founded that smoke is decreased.
This paper is concerned with the designing and making power lifting wheelchair. This wheelchair is studied based on the mechanical and electrical engineering concepts and theories. The statics and dynamics are studied with moving and lifting motion. The power lifting wheelchair is compared with the previous model, the power standing wheelchair, in the sense of kinematics and kinetics. The main functions of these two models are to reach to the standing height of normal person and to move by electrical power. However the lifting mechanism gives more comfortable feeling to users when the chair reaches to the high position with sitting in chair. Without stretching the user’s leg, the X-truss mechanism is applied in this wheelchair. Also the wheelchair is controlled by the joystick attached on the arm rest. The real size model is made and investigated by the test drive. Finally, this power lifting wheelchair proves the possibility of commercial production.
Though most businessmen have recognized the necessity of special purpose vehicles, they have a great difficulty in purchasing them for small scaled work condition especially. In other words, because of special purpose vehicles high cost, maybe they will hesitate to buy them for only one purpose. For this reason, there is a great need to develop special purpose vehicles which can be used for various purposes and low cost. In this study, using the design program like CATIA/IDEAS, we have developed lift system on the new concept by applying a portion of loading case spaces practically equipped for 1 ton truck.