Plant extracts were screened for antifungal activity against major plant pathogens, Botrytis sp., Collectotrichum sp., Alternaria sp. and Cylindrocarpon sp. using 96-well microdilution method. Among the 662 methanol extracts from 401 plant species, 36 extracts showed complete inhibition of spore germination against at least one of four pathogenic fungi. Extracts of Morus alba twig and Sophora flavescens root showed minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) at 1,250 ㎍/㎖ against Botrytis sp.. Extracts of Chloranthus japonicus root showed MIC at 1,250 ㎍/㎖ against Collectotrichum sp.. Extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis aerial part, Inula helenium root and Menispermum dauricum root showed MIC between 625 and 1,250 ㎍/㎖ against Alternaria sp.. G. uralensis aerial part and I. helenium root showed MIC at 1,250 ㎍/㎖ against Cylindrocarpon sp.. Specifically, the extracts of Agrimonia pilosa root, Angelica tenuissima root, Asarum sieboldii root, Campsis grandifolia leaf and twig, Cnidium officinale root, Dictamnus dasycarpus root, G. uralensis aerial part, I. helenium root and M. alba twig completely inhibited spore germination at lower than 5,000 ㎍/㎖ against all of four pathogenic fungi. Two methanol extracts from G. uralensis aerial part and M. alba twig may used as a candidate to develop into effective disease management materials in plant cultivation.

Soybeans have been the favored livestock forage for centuries. However, little studies have been succeed in estimating forage quality of soybean by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). To establish NIR equations for soybean forage quality, 353 forage soybean samples, including an 181 recombinant inbred line population derived from PI 483463 (G. soja) ´ Hutcheson (G. max), 104 cultivated soybeans (G. max) and 68 wild soybeans (G. soja) were used to develop NIR for four quality parameters: crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Two NIR spectroscopy equations developed for CP and CF (2,5,5,1; multiple scatter correction [MSC]) and for NDF and ADF (1,4,4,1; MSC) were the best prediction equations for estimating these parameters. The coefficients of determination in external validation set (r2) were 0.934 for CF, 0.909 for CP, 0.767 for NDF, and 0.748 for ADF. The relative predictive determinant (RPD) ratios for MSC (2,5,5,1) calibration indicate that the CP (3.34) and CF (3.45) equations were acceptable for quantitative prediction of soybean forage quality, whereas the NDF (2.34) and ADF (1.97) equations were useful for screening purposes. The NIR calibration equations developed in this study will be useful in predicting the contents of forage qualities and in breeding soybean for forage