총담관의 자발적 천공은 흔하지 않으며, 이에 대해 충분한 연구와 경험이 부족한 상태이다. 본 저자들은 원인을 알 수 없는 복통과 난치성 복수를 호소하는 환자에서 총담관의 자발적 천공을 진단하고, 내시경역행담췌관조영술을 통한 완전피막형 자가팽창형 금속스텐트의 삽입술과 보존적 치료를 통하여 치료에 성공했던 증례를 경험하였기에 보고한다.

Trends of integrating products and services lead to the emergence of Product-Service System (PSS). To implement and embody a PSS solution in new product development, a comprehensive design framework is allowed designers to facilitate the design factors of the PSS in complex business environments. A physical product, containing functionalities for services, is the role of medium between customers and a manufactures. Customers can access those metaphysical interfaces to utilize the product fully or expand its performances. The PSS is aiming to prolong its lifecycle while maintaining its expected quality. Since the quality can be represented as a measure which belongs to user’s perspective, guaranteeing certain level of quality can be interpreted to sustaining customer satisfaction. The objective of this paper is to propose a PSS design framework to identify design factors for developing products and services by integrating object-oriented concepts and blueprinting in context of a business ecosystem. The proposed model is developed based on relationship products and services matching with their design factors. The products and the services are then brought together to form a PSS. Functions and processes can be categorized to identify the design factors in different levels using the object-oriented concepts. Objected-oriented concepts provide PSS analysis tools for describing a business process or a workflow process in the PSS. The blueprint is used to identify the relationships between the products functions and the service processes that are offered as part of a job. To demonstrate of the effectiveness of the proposed model, we use a case study involving a smart phone.

Nowadays, customers have increasing needs, so more and more enterprises are selling their products with additional services and or contents. The emergence of service added to the product leads to the emergence of the Product-Service Systems(PSS). Many res