Post-ejaculation of sperms into the female reproductive tract, acquisition of sperm capacitation is an essential step in the fertilization process. Accordingly, during in-vitro fertilization, the successful fertilization requires necessarily induction of capacitation in the retrieved sperms. To date, many candidate substances have been considered as capacitation inducers. However, there were no reports about the comparison of efficiency inducing sperm capacitation among diverse capacitation inducers. Therefore, we tried to determine an inducer showing the best capacitation performance in mouse sperms by comparing the preimplantation development of in-vitro-fertilized embryos using sperms experiencing capacitation by a variety of capacitation inducers. For these, calcium, progesterone, bovine serum albumin (BSA), heparin, lysophosphaticylcholine (Lyso-PC) were used as candidate capacitation inducers. Optimized concentration of each inducer were determined by accessing ratio of sperms experiencing acrosome reaction using coomassie G-250 blue staining. Subsequently, in vitro fertilization was performed using sperms incubated in each optimized concentration inducer. The ratio of fertilized oocytes was observed. As the results, Calcium at 2.7 mM and 0.3% (w/v) BSA showed the highest fertilization rates compared to 15 μM progesterone, 50 mM heparin, and 100 μM Lyso-PC. From these results, we found that 2.7 mM calcium and 0.3% (w/v) BSA were the most effective sperm capacitation inducers of mouse sperm for in vitro fertilization. From these results, we could identify that, among diverse sperm capacitation inducers, 2.7mM calcium and 0.3% (w/v) BSA were the most effective inducers for in vitro fertilization.

The endometrium undergoes a cyclic growth and tissue remodeling as changes of epithelial cells, and plasminogen activators (PAs) are related to endometrium tissue remodeling. This study was to evulate expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in porcine uterine epithelial cells. In results, the uPA and tPA were expressed in uterine tissue, epithelium and secretory glands in porcine endometrial cell. In addition, the uPA and tPA were expressed in cultured epithelial cells, and it were mainly expressed in cytoplasm. In porcine uterine tissue and epithelial cells, uPA activity was higher than activity in tPA. In PAs mRNA expression levels, uPA mRNA level was significantly higher than tPA mRNA level (P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of uPA protein was also higher than fluorescence intensity of tPA protein, and uPA protein expression was significantly higher than in tPA protein expression (P<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that a physiological function in porcine uterine epithelial cells should be more influenced by uPA than in tPA during pre-ovulatory phase. The endometrium undergoes a cyclic growth and tissue remodeling as changes of epithelial cells, and plasminogen activators (PAs) are related to endometrium tissue remodeling. This study was to evulate expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in porcine uterine epithelial cells. In results, the uPA and tPA were expressed in uterine tissue, epithelium and secretory glands in porcine endometrial cell. In addition, the uPA and tPA were expressed in cultured epithelial cells, and it were mainly expressed in cytoplasm. In porcine uterine tissue and epithelial cells, uPA activity was higher than activity in tPA. In PAs mRNA expression levels, uPA mRNA level was significantly higher than tPA mRNA level (P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of uPA protein was also higher than fluorescence intensity of tPA protein, and uPA protein expression was significantly higher than in tPA protein expression (P<0.05). Therefore, we suggest that a physiological function in porcine uterine epithelial cells should be more influenced by uPA than in tPA during pre-ovulatory phase.

Members of Sparassidae of Araneae are small to large sized (3-25mm) huntsman spiders (Jäger 1999). In Korea, there have been recorded 5 species, Heteropoda venatoria (Linnaeus, 1767), Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757), Sinopoda koreana (Paik, 1968), Sinopoda stellatops Jäger & Ono, 2002 and Thelcticopis severa (L.Koch, 1875), belonging to 3 genera (Paik, 1968, 1978, Namkung, 2002, 2003, You and Kim, 2002). In the course of survey for the spider fauna of Mt. Sobaek (1,439m elevation) located in Punggi-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do during 2007 to 2008, one of the 16 National Parks in Korea, 2 matured females of Sinopoda forcipata (Karsch,1881) which has been known to distribute in China and Japan were collected by pitfall traps. S.forcipata is a newly recorded species for the Korean spider fauna. Female of S.forcipata was described with some natural history including vertical distribution at mountain and seasonal fluctuation, and compared distribution and habitat of 3 Korean Sinopoda species referring former reports from Korea.

순환골재는 다량의 부착모르타르를 포함하고 있어 콘크리트의 강도감소, 내구성 저하, 균열발생의 원인이 되기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 보통포틀랜드시멘트(OPC)에 고로슬래그미분말(GGBFS)을 0 및 50% 대체한 순환 굵은골재 콘크리트의 역학적 특성 및 내구성에 대한 나일론섬유의 영향에 대하여 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 섬유보강 순환골재 콘크리트를 제조하기 위하여 섬유길이가 상이한 두 종류 나일론섬유를 0 및 0.6kg/m3 두 단계로 혼입하여 소정의 재령동안 수중양생하였다. 제조된 콘크리트의 압축 및 쪼갬 인장강도, 투수공극량 및 총통과전하량을 측정하여 섬유보강 부순골재 콘크리트의 성능과 비교, 고찰하였다. 또, 재령 28일 콘크리트를 대상으로 SEM 기법을 이용하여 미세조직구조를 관찰하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 순환골재 콘크리트는 부순골재 콘크리트에 비하여 역학적 성능 및 내구성이 떨어지는 것을 확인하였으나, 나일론섬유를 혼입할 경우, 나일론 섬유의 가교작용으로 인하여 콘크리트의 성능을 개선시키는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, NF2(19 mm)를 사용한 콘크리트는 NF1(6 mm)을 사용한 콘크리트보다 역학적 성능이 다소 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 경향은 RA 콘크리트에서 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 칼슘알루미네이트 시멘트(CAC) 모르타르의 수화생성물, 강도, 흡수율, 표면전기 저항성 및 염소이온 침투저항성을 실험적으로 고찰하였다. CAC 모르타르의 성능은 보통포틀랜드 시멘트(OPC) 모르타르의 성능과 상호 비교되었다. 실험 결과에 따르면, CAC 모르타르의 주요 수화생성물은 C2AH8 및 CAH10으로 조사되었으며, 압축 및 부착강도는 OPC 모르타르에 비하여 우수하게 나타났다. 뿐만 아 니라, 표면전기 저항성 및 염소이온 침투저항성도 대체적으로 좋은 결과를 나타냄으로서, CAC의 우수한 성능도 확인하였다. 그러나, CAC 모 르타르의 흡수율은 초기재령부터 OPC 모르타르에 비하여 다소 크게 나타남으로써, CAC 경화체의 표면흡수 성능을 개선하기 위한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 반면, CAC 및 OPC 혼용배합 모르타르의 역학적 성능은 CAC 모르타르에 비하여 대체적으로 다소 떨어지는 것으로 조사됨으로써, CAC계 경화체 제조시 주의가 요구된다.

본 연구에서는 순환골재 콘크리트의 성능에 대한 양생방법의 영향에 대하여 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 순환골재 콘크리트 제조를 위하여부순골재에 순환골재를 0, 25, 50, 75 및 100%로 대체하였으며, 증기양생한 콘크리트의 압축 및 쪼갬인장강도, 투수공극, 염소이온 침투저항성 및 건조수축을 소정의 재령에서 측정하여 수중양생한 콘크리트의 성능과 비교하였다. 실험결과에 따르면, 양생방법에 관계없이 순환골재 대체율이 증가할수록 콘크리트의 역학적 성능은 감소하였다. 한편, 초기재령에서 증기양생된 콘크리트는 수중양생된 콘크리트와 비교하여 매우 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 그러나, 장기재령 (28일)에서 증기양생의 효과는 초기재령에 비하여 두드러지게 나타나지 않음을 알수 있다. 결론적으로, 본 연구의 범위 내에서 순환골재 콘크리트의 성능향상을 위하여 증기양생법의 적용이 유용할 것으로 판단된다.