본 연구는 식물공장에서 특용작물인 인삼을 대상으로 LED광원, Duty비와 Hertz에 따른 최적 환경조건을 알아보 고자 하였다. LED광원의 종류는 적색+청색 혼합광(R+B), 적색+청색+백색 혼합광(R+B+W)을 이용하였으며, R+B광 원의 Hz는 각각 20, 60, 180, 540, 1620, 4860Hz로 R+B+W 광원의 Hz는 각각 60, 180, 540, 1620Hz로 처리하여 총 10개의 구배를 하였다. 인삼은 1년생 묘삼을 한 화분(지름 24cm×높이23cm)에 3개체씩 이식하여 각 처리구당 5개의 화분을 배치하였다. 그리고 이 실험을 각각 Duty비 30%, 50%, 70%로 총 3번 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 광합성률은 R+B광원에서 Duty비 30%일 때 180Hz가 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때는 20Hz가 가장 높았다. R+B+W광원에 서는 Duty비 50%일 때 60Hz가 가장 높았고, Duty비 70% 일 때는 180Hz가 가장 높았다. 증산률은 R+B광원에서 Duty비 30%일 때 60Hz가 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 는 20Hz와 1620Hz가 가장 높았다. R+B+W광원에서는 Duty비 30% 일 때 60Hz가 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때는 180Hz와 540Hz 그리고 Duty비 70%일 때는 540Hz가 가장 높았다. 기공전도도는 R+B광원에서 Duty비 30%일 때 60Hz가 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 20Hz가 가장 높았다. R+B+W광원에서는 Duty비 30%일 때 60Hz가 가 장 높았다. 특히 광합성률에서는 R+B+W광원에서 Duty비 30%일 때 Hertz간의 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았지만, R+B와 R+B+W광원 모두 Duty비 30%에서 가장 높은 광합 성률을 보였다. 또한 R+B+W광원에서 보다 R+B광원에서 Duty비 30%일 때 더 높은 광합성률을 보였다. 위의 결과를 종합해보았을 때 R+B와 R+B+W광원 모두 60Hz와 180Hz 에서 가장 최적의 생리·생태학적 반응이 나타났으며, R+B 광원에서 Duty비 30%일 때 인삼의 최적 환경 조건을 유지 하며 에너지 절감 또한 될 것으로 판단된다.

본 연구는 특용작물인 인삼을 대상으로 식물공장에서의 LED 광원, Hertz와 Duty비에 따른 생리·생태학적 반응을 알아보고자 하였다. 본 실험에서는 LED 시스템을 이용하 여 광원의 종류를 단색의 적색광, 청생광, 백색광, 황색광, 원적색광 그리고 적색+청색 혼합광, 적색+청색+백색 혼합 광, 적색+원적색 혼합광으로 총 16개의 구배로 구성하였다. 적색+청색 혼합광은 Hertz를 각각 20, 60, 180, 540, 1620, 4860Hz로 처리하였고 적색+청색+백색 혼합광은 Hertz를 각각 60, 180, 540, 1620Hz로 처리하여, 이 실험을 각각 Duty비 30%, 50%, 70%로 총 3번의 실험을 진행하였다. 실험 결과, 인삼의 광합성률은 Duty비 30%일 때 적색+ 청색 혼합광의 20Hz에서 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 적색+청색 혼합광의 60Hz에서 가장 높았으며, Duty비 70%일 때 적색+청색 혼합광과 적색+청색+백색 혼합광의 60Hz에서 높았다. 인삼의 증산률은 Duty비 30%일 때 적색 +청색 혼합광의 20Hz에서 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 백색광의 180Hz에서 가장 높았으며, Duty비 70%일 때 청 색광과 백생광의 180Hz가 높았고 적색+청색 혼합광의 20Hz와 540Hz, 적색+청색+청색 혼합광의 60Hz가 높았다. 인삼의 수분이용효율은 Duty비 30%일 때 적색+청색 혼합 광의 180Hz에서 가장 높았고, Duty비 50%일 때 적색+청색 혼합광의 60Hz에서 가장 높았으며, Duty비 70%일 때 황색 광의 180Hz가 높았고 적색+청색 혼합광과 적색+청색+백 색 혼합광의 1620Hz에서 가장 높았다. 위의 결과를 종합적으로 보았을 때 인삼을 식물공장의 LED광 조건으로 재배할 경우 Duty비 50%에서 가장 경제 적인 생산에 최적으로 판단된다.

The light treatments were composed of red, blue, white, far-red, red+far-red, red+blue, red+blue+white LEDs and duty ratio(%) of mixed light red+blue (100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75), red+blue+white (100, 85, 70). The following results were obtained in different LED light sources treatment: Red leaf lettuce’s leaf number were the most under white LED. Leaf size was the highest under red+blue LEDs and shoot length was the longest under red+far-red LEDs. Shoot were the heaviest under red LED. Blue leaf lettuce’s leaf number and shoot length were high under all light treatment except far-red LED. Each vertical and width length of leaves were the longest under red+blue LEDs, white LED. Leaf number of red leaf lettuce were more in 85%-100% duty ratio than in 75, 80% duty ratio and leaf size was highest in 100% duty ratio under the mixed light red+blue LEDs. Shoot length was the highest in 90% duty ratio. Blue leaf lettuce’s leaf number and shoot length showed no difference in LED light treatment. Leaf size was the highest in each 100, 95%. Shoot and root biomass were highest in 95%. Shoot length of red leaf lettuce was the highest in 70% duty ratio nunder the mixed light of red+blue+white. The others showed no difference in duty ratio. Blue leaf lettuce’s leaf number, shoot length and biomass were the highest in 85% duty ratio. Thus, we can cultivate stably without reference to external factors, if we use appropriate light sources and light quality in closed-type plant factory.

We investigated whether sound waves could improve salt tolerance in rice seedling. The rice seedlings were sound treated with 800 Hz for 1hr, and then treated with 0, 75, 150, and 225mM NaCl for 3 days to observe changes in physiological and morphological aspects. Sound treatment seedlings resulted in enhanced salt stress tolerance, mainly demonstrated by the sound treated seedlings exhibiting of increased root relative water contents (RWC), root length and weight, photochemical efficiency (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm), and germination rate under salt stress condition. This demonstrates that a specific sound wave might be used, not only to alter gene expression in plant, but also to improve salt stress tolerance. In order to test the sound’s effect on plant and its contribution in drought tolerance, plants were subjected to various sound frequencies for an hrs. After 24-hrs sound treatment, plants were exposed to drought for next five days. During the experiment it was observed that sound initiated physiological changes showing tolerance in plant. Sound frequency with ≥ 0.8 kHz enhanced relative water content, stomatal conductance and quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm ratio) in drought stress environment. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in sound treated plantwasdeclinedcomparedtocontrol. ThermaCAM (Infra-red camera) a software which was used to analyze the plant images temperature showed that sound treated plant and leaf had less temperature (heat) compared to control. The physiological mechanism of sound frequencies induce tolerance in rice plants are discussed.

Sound and communication through it have significantly contributed to study the ecology, evolution, behavior in animal. Plants may also use sound, but until now, we have been unable to effectively research what the ecological, evolutionary and molecular implications might be in plant. So, we wonder what genes are regulated under sound wave conditions. In particular, our research was centered to increase functional materials including vitamins and anthocyanin in plants. First, we investigated up- and down-regulated genes under sound wave treatments (250, 500, 800, 1000 and 1500Hz) by RNA-seq in Arabidopsis thaliana. In these results, we selected genes of over 8-fold increase and below 8-fold decrease and especially, focus on vitamin and anthocyanin-related genes in RNA-seq level. Second, we confirmed that these up- and down-regulated genes under sound wave treatments by qRT-PCR. Finally, we selected 13 interesting genes. To confirm these results, now, we are performing promoter assay by using promoter-GUS in plant and by using promoter-luciferase in protoplast. After then, we will find to interacting partners of these genes in sound wave signal. Our final goal is understand signaling network under sound wave treatment condition in plant. We hope that if we do find results that suggest that sound wave have a beneficial effect on crop yield and quality, acoustic biology can then have some viable application in agriculture. This could bring new discoveries into development of farming methods.