창업시대를 맞이하여 선교적 도구로서 기업의 역할이 중요시 부각되고 있는 바 창업준비 단계에서부터 선교적 기업가 정신으로 무장하여 창업을 하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 특히, 4차 산업 기술의 영향으로 창업의 문턱이 낮아짐에 따라 많은 창업가들이 배출되고 있는데, 창업 준비단계에서부터 신학적, 선교적, 법적, 경제적, 산업적 측면 모두가 고려된 선교적 스타트업 교육 훈련 프로그램이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구와 창업교육 및 BAM교육 사례 등을 분석하여 미셔널 스타트업(Missional Start-up)의 개념을 정의 하고 이들이 보유하여야 할 역량과 성공요인을 파악하여 창업단계별로 는 예비창업자, 창업초기, 창업후기 등으로 구분하고 부문별로는 영적(Spiritual), 경제적(Economic), 환경적(Environment), 사회적 (Social) 등으로 분류하여 미셔널 스타트업 역량 강화를 위한 ‘3 step-SEES’ 교육 모형을 제안하였다. 나아가 이들의 지속 성장과 선교적 기업으로서 사명을 다할 수 있도록 지원하는 체계와 관련 기관들 의 협력방안, 교육운영 방법, 활성화 방안 등에 대한 함의와 향후 연구 방향을 제안하였다.

This study investigates the interpretation of scopally ambiguous sentences involving a universally quantified direct object NP and negation (e.g., The boy didn’t eat every cookie) from a processing perspective. Using an online truth-value judgment task implemented with a self-paced reading technique, data were collected from native Korean speakers, native English speakers, and Korean L2 learners of English. The results indicate that native Korean speakers strongly preferred the full set interpretation (every > not). In contrast, native English speakers strongly preferred the partitioned set interpretation (not > every). L2 learners showed a developmental divergence according to the learners’ L2 proficiency; the low proficiency group showed a strong preference for the full set interpretation, whereas the advanced L2 learners showed no preference for either of the patterns. The main findings were examined within the framework outlined by O’Grady (2005), who proposes that the nature and acquisition of scopal contrasts are best understood with reference to the operation of an efficiency-based processor.

Nationwide occurrence of Bemisia tabaci Q biotype was identified from 2005 May to 2007 Dec. in total 28 cities/counties of 9 provinces such as Goyang (Kyung-gi), Gangnung (Gang-won), Jincheon (Chung-buk), Buyeo (Chung-nam), Seongju (Kyung-buk), Geoje (Kyung-nam), Bukjeju (Jeju). Host plants of the scale of B. tabaci Q biotype were over 15 crops of tomato, sweet pepper, hot pepper, eggplant, etc. and total 12 species of weeds such as Veronica persica, Ipomoea lacunosa, Conyza sumatrensis, I. hederacea, Xanthium canadense, Humulus japonicus, Boehmeria nivea, Artemisia vulgaris, Paederia scandens, Acalypha austeralis, Brassica juncea, Rumex crispus. For molecular identifying Bemisia tabaci B and Q biotypes, and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, for which it is difficult to distinguish morphologically, sequences of mitochondrial 16S rDNA and CO I (Cytochromoxidase I) gene were analyzed and restriction enzymes were selected for biotypespecific cleaved bands. As the results, Hinf I for 16S rDNA and Vsp I for CO I gene made specific band patterns for the B and Q biotypes in gel electrophoresis. Thus these methods were able to identify those biotypes and species without DNA sequence analysis. Populations of the Q biotype were collected in each regions of Korea from 2005 to 2007, and they were genetically compared using CO I gene sequences. Thus the populations were divided by three different groups which were introduced over 3-4 times before 2007 from different population sources. Geoje and Jeju were suggested as the first regions of introduction. Especially the populations in the first introduced regions were highly homologous with the Q biotype of Japan. In addition, infection pattern of secondary symbionts in populations of the B and Q biotypes in Korea were different from the Israeli populations. Thus it is suggested that Japan is the main source of B. tabaci Q biotype introduced to Korea. In addition, populations of the both of B and Q biotype in Korea were infected by Haemiltonella, which is more effectively related to the transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus (TYLCV). Therefore it is needed to monitor continuously if the outbreak of begomovirus vectored by B. tabaci. In this molecular phylogenetic analysis, it was shown that the population of B. tabaci Q biotype in weed plants near greenhouse was introduced to crop plants in greenhouse. Therefore we understand that weed control is important to inhibit recurrence of B. tabaci in greenhouse. Three species of begomovirus, sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV), tobacco leaf curl virus (TLCV), and TYLCV, were reported after introduction of B. tabaci in Korea. Especially Korean government removed all plants in the first TYLCV-occurred greenhouse in 2008. Multiplex PCR diagnosis between TLCV and TYLCV was developed for the more rapid and accurate monitoring. TLCV and TYLCV strains occurred in Korea were highly homologous with strains of Japan. Therefore these results support our suggestion that Japan is the main source of B. tabaci Q biotype introduced to Korea.

We explored the transporting processes for the Asian dust observed over South Korea. The frequency of Asian dust days (ADDs) were used to analyze the associations of the ADDs with land surface conditions over the four source regions, including inner-Mongolia, the Gobi Desert, Manchuria, and Loess Plateau, and atmospheric synoptic variables over central and eastern Asia. Precipitation and Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) in the source regions during the previous summer were negatively correlated with the ADDs in South Korea. Statistically and physically more significant processes were found in the associations of atmospheric synoptic conditions with the ADDs. The intensified winds of northwesterly-northerlynorthwesterly over a pathway of the Asian dust from the source regions to South Korea were identified during high ADDs years in South Korea. A dipole pattern of anti-cyclonic and cyclonic anomalies over central and eastern Asia, respectively, supported the Asian dust pathway.

Sunyoung Lee. 2017. Online Processing of Dependency between an NPI and Negation in Korean. Studies in Modern Grammar 95, 19-36. The present study investigated online processing of syntactic dependency between a negative polarity item (NPI) and its negative licensor in Korean. A total of 32 adult native speakers of Korean participated in the study. The study employed a region-by-region, self-paced reading paradigm to measure online reading times. The results showed that as soon as a parser encountered an NPI in the sentence, it expected a negative element to come up at the earliest potential position. Slow reading times occurred at the first candidate site if such an expectation was not satisfied immediately. The findings of the study support the Filled Gap Effect in English (Fodor 1978; Crain and Fodor 1985; Stowe 1986; Frazier and Clifton 1989) and the Typing Mismatch Effect in Japanese (Miyamoto and Takahashi 2001, 2002); Aoshima et al. 2004; Ueno and Kluender 2010). The results suggest that the human parsers, despite the different structural properties of each language, use the similar sentence processing mechanism.

This study was carried out to analyze correlation between heterosis of F1 hybrids and the genetic distance of parental lines. Growth characteristics such as number of leaves, plant height, bulb diameter, bulb height, bolting rate and marketable yield were examined in 15 F1 hybrids. The genetic distance among one male sterile line and fifteen restorer lines were analyzed with SSR markers. 21 primer pairs amplified polymorphic band and the average number of polymorphic allele was 3.4. As a result of UPGMA cluster analysis, the similarity coefficient value among parental lines ranged from 0.43 to 0.63. Combination of M1 and R14 is high similarity and number of leaves, plant height and yield are 10.2, 66.7cm and 6,818kg·10a-1. The case of the lowest value combination, they are 9.0 and 63.7cm and 7,728kg·10a-1, respectively. The results showed that there are no significant correlations between genetic distance and heterosis of F1 hybrids and only molecular marker does not predict growth traits and yield of onion.

간담도암의 일차적 치료법은 수술적 제거이나, 초기 병기로 수술을 하여도 재발이 흔하며, 재발 후에는 근치적 목적이 아닌 주로 증상 완화 목적의 치료를 하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 재발한 환자에서 자체 도입한 특수 관을 이용한근치적 목적의 high-dose-rate intraluminal brachytherapy의 치료법과 치료 set-up 재현성 유지에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다. 본 연구는 간담도암으로 수술 후, 6개월 간격으로 복부 자기 공명 영상을 이용한 추적 검사를 시행하여, 수술문합 부위의 재발이 확인된 임상 병기 rcT1N0M0인 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 근접 치료를 위하여 경피적 담도 배액관을 치료 전용관인 Arrow Sheath로 교체 후, intraluminal catheter를 삽입하여, 일회 치료당 3 Gy 씩 총 30 Gy 근접치료를 시행하였다. 협착 된 담도의 distal and proximal 그리고 central axis point로부터 1 cm 떨어진 지점을 선량표준화였으며, 5회에 걸쳐 치료 전 dummy seed 삽입 후, 치료 표적 용적 근위부와 말단부의 기준점에서 흉추 사이의 거리를 측정하여 set-up 재현성을 평가하였다. 매주 치료 전 근위부와 말단부위 치료 표적 용적 기준점에서 흉추 사이의거리를 5회 측정한 값과 simulation image에서 측정된 거리를 비교한 결과 평균값과 표준편차가 오차율 5% 이내로 유의한 수준으로 측정되어 매회 치료시 재현성이 유지 되었다, 본 연구 환자의 추적 검사 상 1년 이상 무병 생존하고 있으며, 심각한 부작용 또한 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서, 수술이 불가능한 재발한 간담도암 환자에서 본원에서 자체 도입한관으로 시행한 근접치료는 주변 인접 장기의 심각한 부작용 발생 없이, 매 회 치료 시 재현성이 유의한 수준으로 유지되는 것으로 평가되었다.

Some mutations in FOXL2 are responsible for premature ovarian failure accompanied with blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthusinversus syndrome (BPES) typeI disease, and FOXL2-null mice exhibit developmental defects of granulosa cells. Recently, a new somatic mutation in FOXL2,c.402C>G, leading top. C134W change, has been identified in a vast majority of adult-type ovarian garnulosa cell tumors (GCTs). In the current study, we investigated possible mechanisms by which the C134W mutation could contribute to GCT development. The wild-type (WT) FOXL2 and its mutant form displayed differential apoptotic activities, in which WT induced a significant granulosa cell death while the mutant exhibited a minimal cell death effect. The FOXL2-induced apoptotic response was greatly dependent on caspase8, BID, or BAK since the depletion of either of them prevented FOXL2 to elicitits full apoptotic responses. Stimulated activation of caspase8, consequently resulting increased production of truncated BID (tBID), up-regulation and oligomerization of BAK, and release of cytochromec were all associated with the apoptosis followed by WT FOXL2 expression. In contrast, the mutant FOXL2 was deficient to elicit the full apoptotic signaling responses. In addition, we found the differential up-regulations of expression of death receptors including Fas and TNF-R1 between the WT and the mutant. Moreover, granulosa cells expressing either the WT FOXL2 or its variant form (C134W) exhibited distinct cell death sensitivities by the activation of death receptors. Thus, these differential activities of FOXL2 and it mutant may partly account for the pathophysiology of GCT development occurred by the somatic mutation (C134W) of FOXL2.