최근 유기농산물에 대한 선호가 증가하고 있다. 유기농산물 생산에 있어 물리적 제초는 필수적이다. 하지만, 국내 밭 제초작업 기계화율은 60% 미만으로 낮으며, 농촌 인구의 고령화·여성화로 소형 제초기의 개발이 필요하다. 또한, 제초기의 경우 사용자가 반복적 진동에 노출되기 때문에 이를 절감할 수 있는 노력이 필요하나, 이에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 여성·고령 농업인도 사용하기 편리한 전동 배부식 중경제초기를 개발하는 데 있어 수평 회전식 원판에 부착된 제초날의 형상(원형, 삼각형, 일자형) 및 폭(15, 20, 25mm)에 따른 제초성능 및 ISO5349-1에 따라 손에 전달되는 진동을 분석하였다. 제초율은 원형 제초날에서 90.4~96.4%로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 진동 또한 원형 제초날을 사용하였을 때 사용자의 10%가 수지백증이 발병하는데 걸리는 시간이 20년 내외로 삼각형 및 일자형 제초날을 사용했을 때 보다 200% 가량 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 원형 제초날을 사용하였을 때 진동을 감소시킬 수 있으며, 불필요한 반력을 줄여 높은 제초효과를 볼 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Global warming affects critical natural resources, one of which is the oceans that occupy 70% of the total cover of the earth. In other words, ocean warming is a subset of global warming which needs to be addressed urgently. Purple laver (pyropia spp.) is one of the most vulnerable items to climate change although it is a major export product of Korean fisheries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causality of how climate change caused by global warming affects the increase or decrease of PLP (purple laver production). The target area for analysis was set to Maro-hae between Jindo-gun and Haenam-gun. We selected marine environmental factors and meteorologic factors that could affect PLP as variables, as well as co-integration tests to determine long-term balance, and the Granger causticity tests. As a result, PLP and marine environmental factors WT (water temperature), pH, and DO confirmed that long-term equilibrium relationships were established, respectively. However, there is only causality with WT and it is confirmed that there is only a correlation between pH and DO (dissolved oxygen). There was no long-term equilibrium relationship between PLP and HDD (heating degree days) and there is a causal effect that HDD affects PLP; however, it was less clear than that of WT. The relationship between PLP and RF (rainfall), WS (wind speed), SS (percentage of sunshine), and FF (farm facilities) was all balanced in the long term, and causality exists. Based on the results of the analysis, policy proposals were made.

최근 건설시장에 4차 산업혁명기술의 급속한 확산과 도입, 적용이 트랜드로 부각되고 있다. BIM 기술은 4차 산업혁명 기술의 근간을 이루는 다차원 정보체계이다. 이러한 정보기반체계를 활용한 하천분야도 유지관리를 위한 현행화 방안 등 적극적인 연구검토가 되고 있다. 최근 하천 전문가들의 하천분야 BIM도입 효과에 필요성을 반영하여 적극적인 연구와 현행화 작업을 해야 된다. 그리고 첨단기술을 반영한 시설물 유지관리 정보체계를 활성화하고 관리계획 수립 및 운영을 위해서는 다양한 정보체계를 구축하기 위한 도구 및 지원소프트웨어의 개발이 반드시 필요할 것으로 전망된다. 하천시설의 유지운영을 위한 연구로 기본적으로 기존 도면자료를 이용하여 3차원 정보모델을 구축하고 이를 활용한 손상을 점검하고 정보화하며 보수보강을 위한 자료로 활용토록 하는 것이다. 이는 기존 도면방식에 없는 정보체계를 하천시설물을 3D 모델링과 함께 유지관리정보를 속성으로 구축하는 방법을 연구하여 유지운영을 위한 점검, 손상 관리를 보다 효과적이고 활용성이 높은 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

In this study, the flow by impingement at water dust collector with movable nozzle was analyzed by computational fluid technique. The velocity and vorticity of the dust collector were compared by positioning the nozzle to up and down. Also, the mean velocity were compared through three specific locations that were the diffuser inlet, movable nozzle surface and dust collector outlet. It can be checked that the vorticity and velocity magnitude are verified by the fluid solver of Fluent. As the result of this study, the movable nozzle located at 4cm down from initial position of the nozzle shows the great characteristics of vorticity and velocity distribution for dust collection.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools have not only increased the use of technology in the design process, but also increased the need for more information standard systems. The object classification system consists of 327 types of construction results obtained from 25 kinds of facilities, 174 types of parts, and 207 types of construction parts. In the previous study, the property classification system was developed into 4 major classifications, 13 middle classifications, 58 small classifications (category), and 333 attribution information of roads and rivers. It is extremely difficult to input the property information according to such extensive object classification. In addition, the development of external applications such as Revit plug-ins has created a need to automate specific and repetitive tasks. Therefore, following the BIM property classification system, an attribute input program was implemented for the system to enhance the productivity and convenience of the BIM users.

In this study, the regression equation was suggested to predict of the shot ball velocity according to blade shapes based on discrete element (DE) analysis. First, the flat type blade DE model was used in the analysis, the validity of the DE model was verified by giving that the velocity of the shot ball almost equal to the theoretical one. Next, the DE analyses for curved and combined blade models was accomplished, and their analytical velocities of shot ball were compared with the theoretical one. The velocity of combined blade model was greatest. From this, the regression equation for velocity of shot ball according to the blade shape based on the DE analysis was derived. Additionally, the wind speed measurement experiment was carried out, and the experimental result and analytical one were the same. Ultimately, it was confirmed that the prediction method of the velocity of shot ball based on DE analysis was effective.

폴리카프로락톤(PCL)에 NaCl을 혼합한 용액을 블레이드법에 의하여 막형태로 제조한 후 NaCl을 추출하는 염출 법을 이용하여 조직공학적으로 사용할 3차원 다공망을 갖는 멤브레인 형태의 지지체를 제조하였다. 본 연구에서는 성형된 멤 브레인의 건조조건과, NaCl 입자의 크기, NaCl의 혼합량을 각각 다르게 하여 제조하였다. 별도로 제작한 고분자용액 공급장 치를 이용하여 PCL/클로로포름(CHCl3) 용액에 NaCl 입자가 균일하게 혼합된 용액을 유리판에 분주하여 필름 어플리케이터 를 사용하여 블레이드법에 의한 멤브레인을 제조하였다. 멤브레인 지지체에는 NaCl 입자에 의한 거대기공과 거대기공을 이 루는 구조벽에서는 CHCl3의 증발에 의한 미세기공이 함께 복합적으로 상호 연결되어 형성되었다.

Substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons receive synaptic inputs from primary afferent Aδ- and C-fibers, where nociceptive information is integrated and modulated by numerous neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. A number of studies were dedicated to the molecular mechanism underlying the modulation of excitability or synaptic plasticity in SG neurons and revealed that second messengers, such as cAMP and cGMP, play an important role. Recently, cAMP and cGMP were shown to downregulate each other in heart muscle cells. However, involvement of the crosstalk between cAMP and cGMP in neurons is yet to be addressed. Therefore, we investigated whether interaction between cAMP and cGMP modulates synaptic plasticity in SG neurons using slice patchclamp recording from rats. Synaptic activity was measured by excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) elicited by stimulation onto dorsal root entry zone. Application of 1 mM of 8- bromoadenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) or 8-bromoguanosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cGMP) for 15 minutes increased EPSCs, which were maintained for 30 minutes. However, simultaneous application of 8-BrcAMP and 8-Br-cGMP failed to increase EPSCs, which suggested antagonistic cross-talk between two second messengers. Application of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) that prevents degradation of cAMP and cGMP by blocking phosphodiesterase (PDE) increased EPSCs. Co-application of cAMP/cGMP along with IBMX induced additional increase in EPSCs. These results suggest that second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, might contribute to development of chronic pain through the mutual regulation of the signal transduction.

치과 콘빔 전산화단층 검사 시 갑상선 부위의 방사선 피폭선량을 최소화하기 위하여 보루스 (Bolus)를 이용한 차폐체를 제작하고, 방사선 차폐 효과와 영상의 적정성을 평가하였다. 치과용 콘빔 전산화단층검사 장비를 사용하여 치과방사선 두부 팬텀을 대상으로 갑상선의 좌, 우측 부위에 유리선량계를 부착시켜 방사선량을 측정하였다. 차폐체의 두께를 각각 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm로 다르게 하여 각 차폐체별로 흡수선량을 측정하여 차폐체를 사용하지 않았을 경우와 비교하였다. 8명의 평가자가 진료영상의 적정성을 여부를 평가하였다. 왼쪽 갑상선 부위에 30 mm Bolus 차폐체를 사용한 경우에는 결과값이 평균 342.67 μ㏉로 Bolu s 차폐체를 사용하지 않고 측정한 결과값의 평균 431.22 μ㏉보다 20.7% 감소하였고, 오른쪽 갑상선 부위에 30 mm Bolus 차폐체를 사용한 경우에는 평균 424.56 μ㏉로 21.9%의 선량감소효과를 보였다. 진료 영상의 적정성은 평가자 모두 사용 가능하다 판단하였다. 결론적으로, 치과 콘빔 전산화단층검사 시 갑상선 부위의 방사선 피폭선량을 최소화하기 위해 제작된 Bolus 차폐체는 장해음영 없이 적정한 진단 영상 처리가 가능하고, 방사선차폐 효과가 있어 유용한 차폐체로 적용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose - Civil affairs are increasing in various forms, but civil servants who are able to handle them want to reduce the complaints and provide keywords that will help in the future due to their lack of time. While various ideas are presented and implemented as policies in solving civil affairs, there are many cases that are not policies that people can sympathize with. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the complaints accurately and to present correct solutions to the analyzed civil complaint data. Research design, data, and methodology - We analyzed the complaints data for the last three years and found out how to solve the problems of Yongin City and alleviate the burdens of civil servants. To do this, the Hadoop platform and Design Thinking process were reviewed, and proposed a new process to fuse it. The big data analysis stage focuses on civil complaints - Civil data extraction - Civil data analysis - Categorization of the year by keywords analyzing them and the needs of citizens were identified. In the forecast analysis for deriving insights, - The case of innovation case study - Idea derivation - Idea evaluation - Prototyping - Case analysis stage used. Results - Through this, a creative idea of providing free transportation cards to solve the major issues of construction, apartment, installation, and vehicle problems was discovered. There is a specific problem of how to provide these services to certain areas, but there is a pressing need for a policy that can contribute as much as it can to the citizens who are suffering from various problems at this moment. Conclusions - In the past, there were many cases in which free traffic cards were issued mainly to the elderly or disabled. In other countries, foreign residents of other area visit the areas for accommodation, and may give out free transportation cards as well. In this case, the local government will be able to set up a framework to present with a win-win scenario in various ways. It is necessary to reorganize the process in future studies so that the actual solution will be adopted, reduce civil complaints, help establish policies in the future, and be applied in other cities as well.