The surface of carbon films deposited with inverted plasma fireballs is analysed in this paper. Measurements were conducted with Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and nanoindentation. The latter was used to obtain Young’s modulus as well as Martens and Vickers hardness. The roughness of the film was measured by atomic force microscopy and its thickness was measured. It was shown with Raman spectroscopy that the films are homogeneous in terms of atomic composition and layer thickness over an area of about 125 × 125 mm. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that inverted plasma fireballs are a viable tool for obtaining homogeneous, large area carbon films with rapid growth and very little energy consumption. The obtained films show very low roughness.

스리랑카는 채소의 주년 생산에 적합한 기후를 갖고 있는 열대국가이다. 열대, 아열대 채소의 재배면적은 전체 농지(105,062 ha)의 약 3%이다. 지난 50년 동안 스리랑카에서 채소 육종에 관한 체계적인 연구가 이루어졌고 채소 부문은 지속적으로 증가하였다. 하지만 채소 육종, 재배 및 가공과 관련된 기술이 선진국에 비해 많이 뒤떨어져 있는 형편이다. 전통 육종법을 통해 개발된 다양한 농업적 형질을 가진 품종이 현재까지 스리랑카의 채소 생산에 이용되고 있지만 생명공학적 방법을 접목한 채소 품종 육종법의 중요성이 점차로 부각되고 있다. 본 논문은 스리랑카에서 중요한 채소 작물인 토마토, 고추류, 콩류, 가지 및 여주의 육종과 품종 현황을 소개하고 향후 스리랑카 육종 전망에 대해 논의하였다.

We present the analysis of KMT-2016-BLG-0212, a low flux-variation (Iflux−var ∼ 20 mag) microlensing event, which is in a high-cadence (Γ = 4hr −1) field of the three-telescope Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) survey. The event shows a short anomaly that is incompletely covered due to the brief visibility intervals that characterize the early microlensing season when the anomaly occurred. We show that the data are consistent with two classes of solutions, characterized respectively by low-mass brown-dwarf (q = 0.037) and sub-Neptune (q < 10−4) companions. Future high-resolution imaging should easily distinguish between these solutions.

Researchers have yet to investigate whether it is beneficial for exporters to engage in greater levels of product adaptation in their export operations, or whether there is some limit to the amount of adaptation exporters should engage in. We posit that customer value creation, a central marketing concept and a mechanism to achieving market and financial goals in business to business markets, is a core outcome of export product adaptation activities. In order to explore the routes by which adaptation may shape export customer value creation, we adopt a multi-faceted conceptualization of firm-level product adaptation, comprising export product adaptation (i) quantity, (ii) intensity and (iii) novelty. Drawing on survey data from 249 Finnish exporters involved in business-to-business activities, we find evidence to support the claim that the impact of export product adaptation on export customer value creation is contingent on various factors, and we identify instances where greater adaptation is beneficial for export customer value creation, and instances where greater export product adaptation is potentially harmful for export customer value creation.

The aged asphalt binder included in RAP due to the oxidative aging, repeated vehicle load, climate process affects to the recycled asphalt mixture property and performance (stripping, port hole and premature cracking initiation) after paving. The rejuvenator commonly is used to recover the aged binder in hot mix asphalt (HMA) containing RAP; the effect of rejuvenator in HMA had been proven according to many studies for over the past several decades. Also, there are many methods for using RAP in asphalt mixture in aspects of HMA, cold asphalt mixture (CMA) and worm mix asphalt mixture (WMA), and a foamed asphalt mixture is one of them. Employing the foamed asphalt manufacturing technology, the content of RAP in recycled asphalt mixture can be increased more. The objectives of this study are to evaluate of rejuvenator influence on foamed asphalt mixture using 100% RAP based on strength change of test sample and stiffness change of recovered binder from RAP and specimen. As the results, when rejuvenator was added to make foamed asphalt mixture, MS and ITS values decreased clearly as compared with the foamed asphalt mixture without rejuvenator use. The use of rejuvenator up to 6% showed a tendency of the decrease of strength and stability remarkably. The use of rejuvenator over 6% did not decrease the strength and stability. DSR test results, the use of rejuvenator in making a foamed asphalt mixture using 100% RAP showed a recovery effect of the foamed asphalt mixture. And recovered binder from the specimen that was made adding the 6, 12 and 18% rejuvenator showed lower stiffness obviously compared to the recovered binder from RAP adding same dosage of rejuvenator.