The purpose of this study was to create canine skeleton modeling files (obj., STL., etc.)for more accurate canine kinesiology and physical rehabilitation. Firstly, 3-dimensiona (3D) scanning on real naturally passed away dog bones and handling with additional reverse engineering process were conducted. This study indicated that the final modeling files could contribute to improve initial movements of canine rehabilitation or academic filed of kinesiology in Korea.

The main focus of this study was to create canine skeleton modeling files and real-world structures for canine kinesiology and physical rehabilitation education. Firstly, 3-dimensional (3D) modeling was conducted with additional reverse engineering process, and then directly fabricated the files. In other way, we made multi-joint based canine structure using conventional corrugate tube. This study indicated that the final real-world structures could contribute to improve initial movements of canine rehabilitation or academic filed of kinesiology in Korea.

This study was aimed to evaluate the dose-response the effects of nano-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acids(CLAs) on in vitro ruminal fermentation profiles. A fistulated Holstein cow was used as a donor of rumen fluid. Nano-encapsulated CLAs(LF, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; HF, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA; LT, 5% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG; HT, 10% of nano-encapsulated CLA-TG) were added to the in vitro ruminal fermentation experiment. In the in vitro ruminal incubation test, the total gas production on incubation with nano-encapsulated CLAs was increased significantly according to the incubation time, compared with the control(p<0.05). The tVFA concentrations on addition of LF and HT were significantly higher than that of the control(p<0.05). Thus, nano-encapsulated CLAs might improve the ruminal fermentation characteristics without adverse effects on the incubation process. In addition, the population of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens which is closely related to ruminal biohydrogenation was increased by adding HT, while decreased by adding LF at 12 h incubation. These results showed that nano-encapsulated CLA-FFA could be applied to enhance CLA levels in ruminants by maintaining the stability of CLA without causing adverse effects on ruminal fermentation profiles considering the optimal dosage.

To investigate the in vivo cognitive effects of syringic acid(SA), Y-maze and passive avoidance tests were performed in amyloid-β(Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity. Learning and memory impairment by Aβ neurotoxicity was partially recovered in Institute of Cancer Research(ICR) mice orally administered SA(10mg/kg of body weight). The SA treated group showed an inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase(AChE) that was extracted from mice brain tissue after in vivo tests. Aβ-induced oxidative stress was also examined by malondialdehyde(MDA) and 2',7,-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCF-DA) assays, and lipid peroxidation of brain homogenates and cellular oxidative stress were reduced by SA. In cell viability assays using 3-[4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) leakage, and caspase 3/7 activity, the SA treated group showed relatively effective protection against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity compared to the others. Consequently, these results suggest that SA in black soybean seed coat extract might improve cognitive function because of its neuronal cell protective effects against oxidative stress and the inhibitory effect of AChE as a cholinergic enzyme.