Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the structure of coal tar pitch heat-treated up to 3000℃ by using 514.5 run Ar ion laser line. Four critical temperature ranges were found on pyrolyzing coal tar pitch, which correspond to four distinct processes from disordered carbons to the well-ordered graphite structure. The range of heat treat temperature (HTT) below 1000℃ corresponds to gas evolution during the pyrolysis of coal tar pitch. Above the HTT are correlated to rearrangements of enlarged molecules, growth of the molecules along the direction of plane, finally stacking in the normal direction of the plane, in the respective HTT ranges of 1000-2000, above 2000 and 2500-3000℃.

We have made an extensive mapping of the 13CO 13CO J=1-0 transition line in the dark cloud L1535. We also constructed the 100μm 100μm IRAS map in the region. We found a semi-detached cloud component of 13CO 13CO in the northeast direction of the 13CO 13CO main cloud which forms a dumbbell-like structure. This additional component with an angular size of 20′×16′ 20′×16′ has not been observed before in any molecular surveys of the cloud. The IRAS map shows a similar structure with two intensity peaks whose positions coincide with those of the 13CO 13CO clouds.

우리나라산 주머니나방과의 1미기록종, 유리주머니나방(Acanthopsyche nigraplaga Wileman)을 보고하며 수컷 생식기 도해와 함께 외부형태를 간약하게 기술하였다. 도한 천일홍, 명석딸리 차조기, 새모래덩굴, 흰명아주 5종의 기주식물도 처음으로 확인하였다.

The Stockholm Convention was adopted in Sweden in 2001 to protect human health and the environment, including Persistent Organic Pollutants Rotors, such as toxic and bioaccumulative. Currently, there are 28 kinds of materials. This prohibits and limits the production, use, and manufacture of the product. Korea is a party to the Convention and it is necessary to prepare management and treatment plan to cope with POPs trends. In the text, we have discussed HCBD materials. HCBD belongs to halogenated aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons. It is a toxic, organic mixture of bioaccumulation. A study on the treatment of waste containing HCBD substance, We decided to treat the waste containing HCBD thermally. So six samples were selected. Waste water treatment sludge, rubber plate, insecticide, tarpaulin, tire rubber, mixed sample. The tire rubber injected HCBD as a technical sample. HCBD analysis showed that 59.345 ~ 18,238.355 ug/kg was detected. For the thermal treatment, we analyzed element. As a result of thermogravimetric analysis, the weight change due to the decomposition of the material started at 200℃. The material decomposition was completed within 800℃. The thermal treatment was performed on a Lab-scale (1kg/hr). After exhaust gas analysis result, HCBD was detected at 0.01 to 0.09 ug/kg. The decomposition rate is estimated to be 99.848 ~ 99.999%. As a result of dioxin analysis in the exhaust gas, the highest concentration was found in the tarpaulins and the emission limit was exceeded. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn in the residues were very low. Considering the decomposition rate of HCBD containing wastes, incineration treatment at 2 ton/hr or more is considered to be possible. And unintentional persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins in the exhaust gas. Therefore, it is considered safe to operate the incineration temperature at more than 1100℃.

국가별 환경, 정채 흐름에 따라 상이하게 적용되어온 폐기물 에너지화 기술은 도시고형폐기물을 비롯한 폐자원을 증기, 열, 전력 등으로 전환하는 기술을 의미한다. 국내 ｢신재생에너지 개발･이용･보급촉진법｣에 의거하여 사업장에서 폐기물을 변환시켜 생산된 연료 및 소각 열에너지를 신재생에너지로 정의하고 있으며, ｢자원순환기본법｣의 소각처분부담금 감면을 위한 에너지 회수율 증진을 목적으로 폐기물 에너지화 기술이 주목을 받고 있다. 폐기물 에너지화 기술 중 열적처리의 시장 규모는 연간 190만 달러, 연평균 4.3%의 성장세를 보이고 있으나, 선진국 대비 국내 폐기물 에너지화 기술력은 50% 이하의 낮은 수준을 보유하고 있는 실정이다. 또한 국내 생활폐기물 소각시설의 평균 증기발전 효율이 10% 정도로 매우 낮으며, 사업장폐기물 소각시설은 주로 발전 보다 증기의 직접적 이용에 편향된 경향을 보이고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내 사업장폐기물 소각시설 공정에 요소기술 적용 시 에너지 절감량을 열정산법에 따라 산정하여 에너지 고효율화 및 온실가스 감축 효과를 분석하고자 하였다. 소각시설에 적용한 요소기술은 증기 회수 및 활용을 중점으로 ①열 회수 능력강화(저온이코노마이저, 낮은 공기비 연소), ②증기의 효율적 이용(저온촉매탈질, 고효율 건식 배기가스 처리, 백연저감 미적용 또는 가동 중지, 배수폐쇄 시스템 미적용), ③증기터빈 시스템의 효율 향상(고온고압 보일러)으로 구분하여 결과를 정리하였다. 에너지 절감 및 온실가스 감축량 산정은 요소기술 적용 시 추가적으로 회수할 수 있는 증기량을 기준으로 보일러 배기가스량, 폐기물 저위발열량, 각 요소기술 변화 요인(과잉공기비, 출구온도 등), 국가고유 전력배출계수를 바탕으로 산정하였다.

To achieve energy efficiency improvement is used to lower temperature for emission gas at catalyst inlet, or to reduce/stop using steam to reheat emission gas. Saved energy from this process can be used as power source in order to increase generation efficiency. Dry emission gas treatment, on the other hand, is the technology to increase generation efficiency by using highly efficient desalination materials including highly-responsive slaked lime and sodium type chemicals in order to comply with air pollution standards and reduce used steam volume for reheating emission gas. If dry emission gas is available, reheating is possible only with the temperature of 45℃ in order to expect generation efficiency by reducing steam volume for reheating. Retention energy of emission gas from combustion is calculated by emission gas multiplied by specific heat and temperature. In order to obtain more heat recovery from combustion emission gas, it is necessary to reduce not only exothermic loss from boiler facilities but emission calorie of emission gas coming out of boiler facilities. In order to reduce emission calorie of emission gas, it is efficient to realize temperature lowering for the emission gas temperature from the exit of heat recovery facility and reduce emission gas volume. When applying low temperature catalysts, the energy saving features from 0.03% to 2.52% (average 1.28%). When increasing the excess air ratio to 2.0, generation efficiency decreases by 0.41%. When the inlet temperature of the catalyst bed was changed from 210℃ to 180℃, greenhouse gas reduction results were 47.4, 94.8, 118.5, 142.2 thousand tons-CO2/y, CH4 was calculated to be 550.0, 1100.1, 1375.1, 1650.1 kg-CH4/y, and N2O was 275.0, 550.0, 687.6, 825.1 kg-N2O/y. In the case of high efficiency dry flue gas treatment, reduction of greenhouse gases by the change of temperature 120~160℃ and exhaust gas 5,000 ~ 6,500 ㎥/ton is possible with a minimum of 355,461 ton/y of CO2 and minimum 4,125 tons of CH4/y to a maximum of 6,325 ton/y and N2O to a minimum of 2,045 kg/y to a maximum of 3,135 kg/y.

HgI2의 경우 타 광도전체 물질(a-Se, a-Si, Ge, etc)등에 비해 X선 민감도가 우수하며, 낮은 인가전압에서 구동이 용이한 특성을 가지고 있다. 이러한 특징을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 HgI2 (Mercury Iodide) 기반의 평판형 디지털 방 사선 광도전체 필름을 두께에 따른 구현에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 PVD(Physical Vapor Deposition)방법의 두꺼운 대면적 필름제조가 어려운 문제점을 해결하 기 위해 Screen printing 방법을 사용하였다. 바인더의 종류로는 PVB (Polyvinylbutyral)와 DGME (Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether)와 계면활성제 역할을 하는 DGMEA (Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether Acetate)로 제작하는 바인더를 사용하여 Screen Printing법을 이 용하여 각각의 다른 두께를 가지는 다결정의 HgI2 (Mercury Iodide) 필름을 제작하였다. 제작된 필름의 전기적 특성을 dark current, X-선 sensitivity와 SNR(Signal to -Noise Rate) 등을 측정하여 정량 적으로 평가 하였다. 그 결과 DG계 200um의 근사하게 제작한 HgI2 (Mercury Iodide) 필름의 전기적특성이 가장 좋 게 측정되었다. 얻어진 결과로 볼 때 HgI2 기반의 의료용 광도전체 필름은 기존의 a-Se(Amnorphous seleinum; a-se)를 이용한 디지털 방사선 광도전체 필름의 대체 적용에 대해 충분한 가능성을 보였다.

Bovine embryos produced by in vitro maturation, feretilization and development was examined for presevation and transfer. The fertilization medium used BO medium with 5 mM/ caffeine and 10/ heparin and adjusted to a pH of 7.2 to 7.4. The final concentration of spermatozoa was adjusted to 1 cells/ motile sperm during fertilization in vitro. At 8~10 hrs after insemination, the oocytes were transferred into CR1aa medium and cultured for 7 days. Embryos were preserved by vitrification method for transfer. When the embryos of early, blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stages were frozen-thawed, the proportions of embryos with normal morphology 83.6, 88.1 and 85.2%. (중략)

The purpose of this is to investigate the effects of vitrification in open pulled straws (OPS) on in vitro survival of porcine embryos. Blastocysts were produced by in vitro fertilization of slaughterhouse-derived, in vitro matured oocytes with frozen-thawed boar semen, and subsequent culture on granulosa cell monolayer. After frozen-thawing, embryos were culture in NCSU-23 medium with 5 mM hypotaurine, 4 mg/ BSA and 10 ng/ for 48 hrs to survival tests. When blastocysts were frozen-thawed by OPS methods, the embryos with normal morphology were 32.1, 34.5 and 38.9 % in early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded blastocyat stages. The rates of partial damaged embryos were significantly (P<0.05) higher in early biastocysts than expanded blastocysts. In another experiment, the embryos frozen by OPS methods were cultured for 48 hrs for survival and developmental rates in vitro. The proportions of embryos hatched were 11.8, 20.2 and 33.3% in embryos frozen-thawed at stages of early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded embryos. On the other hand, The proportions of embryo with normal morphology after culture were 23.5, 25.0 and 33.3% in embryos frozen-thawed at stages of early blastocyst, blastocyst and expanded embryos. These finding indicate the possible broader application for OPS methods that this procedure described is relatively harmless, that it can be used for blastocysts of different developmental stages.

DNA methylation is involved in epigenetic processes such as X-chromosome inactivation, imprinting and silencing of transposons. DNA methylation is a highly plastic and critical component of mammalian development The DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts) are responsible for the generation of genomic methylation patterns, which lead to transcriptional silencing. The maintenance DNA methyltransferase enzyme, Dnmt 1, and the de novo methyltransferase, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, are indispensable for development because mice homozygous for the targeted disruption of any of these genes are not viable. The occurrence of DNA methylation is not random, and it can result in gene silencing The mechanisms underlying these processes are poorly understood. It is well established that DNA methylation and histone deacetylation operate along a common mechanistic pathway to repress transcription through the action of methyl-binding domain proteins (MBDs), which are components of, or recruit, histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes to methylated DNA. As a basis for future studies on the role of the DNA-methyl-transferase in porcine development, we have isolated and characterized a partial cDNA coding for the porcine Dnmt1. Total RNA of testis, lung and ovary was isolated with TRlzol according to the manufacture's specifications. 5 ug of total RNA was reverse transcribed with Super Script II in the presence of porcine Dnmt 1 specific primers. Standard PCRs were performed in a total volume of 50 ul with cDNA as template. Two DNA fragmenets in different position were produced about 700bp, 1500bp and were cloned into pCR II-TOPO according to the manufacture's specification. Assembly of all sequences resulted in a cDNA from 158bp of 5'to 4861bp of 3'compare with the known human maintenance methyltransferase. Now, we are cloning the unknown Dnmt 1 region by 5'-RACE method and expression of Dnmt 1 in tissues from adult porcine animals.