To understand the dynamical structures of stellar wind bubble, one and two-dimensional calculations has been performed. Using FCT Code with cooling effects and assuming constant mass loss rate and ambient medium density, we could divide stellar winds into the regime of slow and fast winds. The slow wind driven bubble shows initially radiative and becomes partially radiative bubble in which shocked stellar wind zone is still adiabatic. In contrast., the fast wind driven bubble shows initially fully adiabatic and becomes adiabatic bubbles with radiative outer shell. We also determine analytically the onset of thin-shell formation time in case of fast wind driven bubble with power-law energy injection and ambient density structure. We solve the line transfer problem with numerical results in order to calculate line profile of [OIII] forbidden line.

The purpose of development new variety ‘Miho’ (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a favorite with livestock feed and develop varieties resistant to disease and lodging. ‘Miho’ was carrying the growth habit of group Ⅲ, green and mid-wide leaf. Awn that are related to preference of livestock is a semi-smooth awn. This cultivar had 96cm of culm length, 650 of spikes per m2. Heading date of ‘Miho’ is April 27, and maturing dates on May 30, which were later than cultivar ‘Youngyang’. It also showed strong winter hardiness, and similar resistance to shattering and BaYMV compared with those of check one. The best thing among the traits of one is a new good quality with the plant green at the latter growing period. The average forage dry matter yield in the regional yield trial was about 13.1, 12.1 MT per ha in upland and paddy field, respectively, which were 9%, 2% higher than that of the check cultivar. It’s also showed 6.8% crude protein, 27.1% ADF (acid detergent fiber), and 67.5% TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher silage quality for whole crop barley. This cultivar would be suitable for the area whose daily minimum temperature was above -8℃ in January in Korean peninsula.

‘Muhan’ (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatability forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2013. It was derived from the cross between SB921011-3B-16-2/IT0188556 and ‘Suwon 365’. Among the cross made in 2002, a promising line, SB02T2097-B-B-B-18, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested at Iksan in 2009 to 2010 designated as Iksan 465. The line in the Regional Yield Trials(RYT) tested in eight locations around Korea for three years from 2011 to 2013, and was released as the name of ‘Muhan’. It has the growth habit of group Ⅳ, erect plant type, green leaf and awnless spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 4, and June 4, respectively, with similar to check cultivar ‘Youngyang’. The cultivar had 102cm of culm length, 711 spikes per m2 and it showed better rate of leaf, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than those of the check cultivar. The average forage yield of ‘Muhan’ was about 12.4 ton ha-1 in dry matter in paddy field. ‘Muhan’ also showed 6.6% of crude protein content, 28.6% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 50.1% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 66.3% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley

‘Jungmo2506’ (Hordeum vulgare L.), a new ruminant-palatability forage barley cultivar, was developed by the breeding team at the Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2013. It was derived from the cross between ‘Sunwoo’ and ‘Milyang 34’. Among the cross made in 2002, a promising line, SB02T2020-B-BB- 64, showed good characteristics in potential forage yield in the yield trial tested at Iksan in 2009 to 2010 designated as Iksan 463. The line in the Regional Yield Trials(RYT) tested in eight locations around Korea for three years from 2011 to 2013, and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo2506’. It has the growth habit of group Ⅳ, erect plant type, green leaf and short awn spike. Its average heading and maturing dates were on May 3, and June 2, respectively, with similar to check cultivar ‘Youngyang’. The cultivar had 99cm of culm length, 692 spikes per m2 and it showed better rate of leaf, winter hardiness, and resistance to BaYMV than those of the check cultivar. The average forage yield of ‘Jungmo2506’ was about 11.8 ton ha-1 in dry matter in paddy field. ‘Jungmo2506’ also showed 6.6% of crude protein content, 27.4% of ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber), 49.2% of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber), and 67.2% of TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients), including higher grade of silage quality for whole crop barley.

Path planing method for an autonomous mobile robot is considered. For the practical applications, the simplified local potential field methods are applied under the constraints of the driving condition. To improve the performance, the fuzzy-approximated linear function method is also used.