A new cultivar ‘Sansanhyang’ was bred from monokaryotic strains of Sanbackhyang and SANJO 707ho by mono-mono hybridization method. Cap was convex and brown, it was 70 mm in diameter and 16 mm in thickness. The distribution of scales was whole and the scales were brown and slightly brown. The arrangement of gill was ripple and gill density was dense. Stipe was cream colored and fluff was medium. Sansanhyang had 100day cultivation period and fruiting bodies sporadic occurrence. It was a medium-low temperature strain and the temperature for fruiting body formation was 10-16°C. The ratio of fruiting body production was the 1st flush 89%, the 2nd flush 6% and the 3rd flush 5%. Sansanhyang was different from Sanbackhyang by its convex cap, 70 mm of cap diameter, and 40.5 mm of stipe length. Sanbackhyang had convex cap, 71 mm of cap diameter and 56.9 mm of stipe length.

최근 표고버섯의 맛과 기능성이 알려지면서 동아시아는 물론 전세계적으로 관심이 집중되는 가운데 기후변화와 재배자들의 수요를 충족시킬 수 있는 고품질의 표고버섯 품종개발의 요구도는 날로 높아지는 실정이다. ‘밤빛향’은 산백향과 산조707호을 모본으로 하여 일핵 균주간의 교잡을 통해 새로이 육성된 품종이다. 배양기간 은 100일이며, 발생온도가 11-20°C로 한여름과 한겨울을 제외한 모든 계절에 재배가 가능한 품종이다. 버섯의 형태는 평반구형으로 대는 갓의 중심에 위치하며, 갓의 직 경은 69.6 mm이며, 갓의 두께는 15.2 mm이다. 버섯 갓의 색깔은 진한 갈색으로 일반적인 표고의 갓 색깔보다 짙다 . 버섯의 주름살 측면의 모양은 부정형으로 주름살의 밀도는 보통이지만, 폭이 좁다. 인편의 색깔은 옅은 미(米)색 이며 인편은 갓의 전체에 퍼져 있다. 대의 모양은 기둥형과 깔대기형이 섞인 모양이고, 색깔은 옅은 미(米)색으로 주름살의 색깔과 같다. 대의 표면에는 털이 있으며 털의 색, 대의 털 색, 갓의 인편 모두 옅은 미(米)색으로 존재한다. 버섯은 산발 발생하여 솎아주기가 거의 필요 없다. 모 균주인 산백향과 산조 707호와의 대치배양에서 확연하게 대치선을 형성하였다. 종합적으로 자실체의 형태는 정성적으로 양호한 평가를 얻었고 정량적으로 대조품종 산백 향의 대길이보다 약 9% 줄이는 효과와 갓두께는 16.9% 두꺼운 결과를 얻었다. 목표로 했던 모균주 산조707호의 짧은 대길이의 특성이 유전되었고 산백향의 생산성이 유전된 것으로 판단된다.

Oak mushroom is one of the most important non-timber forest products at the forest sector in Korea. In recent years, the Korean farmers have suffered from the import increase of saw bed medium from Chinese and the price decrease of the oak mushroom. In order to overcome this phase, it is important to develop good varieties that can compete with Chinese varieties. National Institute of Forest Science is studying to develop excellent varieties through the Golded Seed Project. We report some of the results as part of that. The strains of oak mushroom were made through mono-mono cross method using domestic distribution varieties. Sawdust cultivation was carried out on 100 - day cultivation and 3 - stage mushroom yield using 2 kg hexahedron culture medium. Of these, 60 strains were used for sawdust cultivation, and 3431 strain (23%) was selected when the yield was 20% or more of the weight of the medium. Four strains (3396, 3414, 3419, 3430) were selected when the mushroom yield was 15% to 20% of the weight of the medium. 3404 strain with excellent mushroom shape was selected, though the yield was low (10%). Generally, mushroom yield was the highest in the first stage, and the number of mushrooms in the second stage was decreased rapidly. Also, 10 strains did not produce mushroom in this study. The 3431 strain occurred mushroom production with 87% yields in the first stage and did not occur in the third stage. The 3404 strain with excellent mushroom shape occurred in primary and tertiary. The average weight of mushrooms was 13 g and 54g, respectively. The strains (3431, 3404) will be used for the selection of varieties through cultivation test in the future.

Suillus granulatus is an ectomycorrhizal fungus that is associated with pine roots. S. granulatus is edible mushroom and known as the weeping bolete. S. granulatus is similar to S. luteus, but S. granulatus has a ringless stalk. We investigated in the growth characteristics of the 4 strains of S. granulatus with growth medium, temperature, and cellulase enzyme activities. NIFoS 1211 and 2701 showed the highest growth on PDA and NIFoS 1997 produced abundant mycelia on MMN. NIFoS 2615 was grown well on SDA. In spite of same species, the optimal media were different according to habitat of fruit body. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth of all strains was 25oC and NIFoS 2615 was also grown well at 30oC. All of strains on MMN liquid medium were typically grown at pH ranges from 5.8 to 6.2. The dry weights of S. granulatus strains were measured according to different inorganic nitrogen sources. All strains showed the highest dry weight on MMN and showed little difference on none contained nitrogen source, ammonium and nitrate media. We measured cellulase activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) agar plates, and determined clear zone according to pHs. The 4 strains of S. granulatus showed the positive reactions in cellulase activity. All strains formed the height clear zone at pH 6.

For centuries, Lentinula edodes called “Pyogo” in Korea has been cultivated as a high-grade edible mushroom in Asia. This is known as medicinal mushroom for cold prevention in oriental medicine. In the world market, this mushroom of Lentinula edodes is introduced as representative edible and medicinal mushroom in Asia. As consumer interest increases, Asian Lentinula edodes market is also growing. There is a record that Korea has already been used as a gourmet food on the royal meal table for the king in the 15th century Joseon Dynasty. In Korea's famous oriental book, it is cooked with many traditional foods because of the pharmaceutical efficacy of this mushroom. For long time ago, difference in cultivation as well as in mushroom growth of Lentinula edodes has studied in Korea. Recent advances in cultivation of selected high quality mushroom studied from substrate optimization using log and sawdust of oak tree. Cultivation of Lentinula edodes strain research controlled the production of large quantity of various substrate conditions. This mushroom mycelia and fruit-body were cultivated in log of oak tree and sawdust substrate cultivation in types of bioreactors. According to compared cultivation method, it presented the optimistic condition for the amount production of various Lentinula edodes strain in Korea.

Lentinula edodes is a very important edible mushroom and is widely cultivated in Asian countries using a large number of varieties. National Institute of Forest Science (NIFoS) conducts Golden Seed Project to develop new shiitake varieties and we examined cultural characteristics of seven candidate strains compared to three existing cultivars. As a result, optimal growth temperature and mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA) for seven days at the optimal temperature were 27°C, 55 mm in Sanbaekhyang, 27°C, 50 mm in Sanjo701ho, and 25°C, 49 mm in Sanjo707ho, respectively. Five of the candidate strains except NIFoS 3309 and 3310 showed the highest growth at 25°C. Mycelial growth of NIFoS 2889 and 2905 showed the fastest (60 mm) and the slowest (32 mm), respectively. Six strains showed bulging on surface of media in sawdust bag cultivation for 30 days. In particular, the cultiver, Sanjo701ho had heavy bulging. Four strains (NIFoS 624, 971, 3310, and 3363) did not show bulging and NIFoS 971 grew slower than the others. Keywords : Browning, Characteristics, Lentinula edodes, Mycelial growth, Tunicate

Sawdust bag cultivation was performed to understand the effect of different sawdust substrate (Quercus mongolica, Q. acutissima, Q. serrata, Q. aliena, and Q. variabilis) on the eight variety of shiitake (Poongnyunko, SANJO 701, Mori 436ho, Sanlim 10ho, Chilha 6ho, Yoogiro, Baekwhahyang, Charmaram). After inoculation, sawdust substrate block (2 kg) was cultivated at 22°C for 120 days. During the production period, the temperature was adjusted to 18°C and the relative humidity at 90%. The yield was calculated based on the fruit bodies from the first, second and third flush. As results, Poongnyunko yielded 455 g on the substrate, Q. serrata, 378 g on Q. aliena, and 333 g on Q. variabilis. Chilha 6ho yielded 304 g on Q. mongolica and Charmaram yielded 245 g on Q. acutissima. The average weight of mushrooms from Charmaram was 40-45 g on all five substrates and Q. variabilis was the best among them. In terms of phenotypic characteristics, Chilha 6ho was generally better than the others. Charmaram, Poongnyunko, Sanlim 10ho also had good characteristics. Mori 436ho, Yoogiro, Baekwhahyang developed for log cultivation showed lower yield compared to the varieties for sawdust bag cultivation. Keywords : Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), Querqus spp., Saw-dust bag culture, Yield