This study was conducted to assess the environmental risk of CMV resistant GM pepper and to evaluate the effects of the transgenic pepper (Line: H15) with CMV resistant gene and non-transgenic peppers (Line: P2377, PM Singang, Berota) without gene introduction on the insect community in the three pepper cultivation areas. Sampling was conducted using yellow sticky traps in Deokso, Anseong and Ochang fields, respectively. The total number of insect individuals caught by sticky trap was not shown significant differences between GM and non-GM pepper at Deokso, Anseong and Ochang fields, respectively. Also, there were no significant differences in density of aphids caught on sticky traps between GM and non-GM pepper, and the species richness and species diversity was no statistical difference between the types of crops, GM and non-GM at three experimental pepper fields.

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the active stability of shoulder joints according to the frequency of overhead motions, such as serving and spiking, engaged in by female professional volleyball athletes who play different positions, and to provide the results as the basic data for developing exercise programs to prevent shoulder joint injuries. The subjects of this study were 50 Korean female professional volleyball players and positions were as follows: left and right attackers, centers, setters, and liberos. The external rotation and internal rotation muscle strength and muscle strength ratios of the dominant and non-dominant arms of all subjects were measured using Biodex. The results of this study are as follows: Frist, no significant differences were found in the internal and external rotation muscle strength of the dominant and non-dominant arms between positions. Second, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the dominant arm, by position, the setter showed significantly greater stability compared to the other positions. Third, for the shoulder joint muscle strength ratio of the non-dominant arm, by position, no significant difference in stability between positions was found. Fourth, it was found that the dominant arm had significantly greater instability of the shoulder joint than the non-dominant arm for attackers and centers, but no significant difference was found for setters and liberos. This study comparatively analyzed the muscle strength ratios of the external/internal rotations and dominant/non-dominant arms, which can determine the stability of the shoulder joints between female professional volleyball playing positions that engage in jumps and spikes using only the dominant hand and positions that do not.

The wheat-rye translocations are world widely used in wheat breeding. Among the various forms of wheat-rye translocation, the 1RS (short arm of rye chromosome 1) translocations are the most widely used because of the valuable genes (e.g. biotic / abiotic resistance genes) introduced from rye. We have developed a new wheat-rye cultivar ‘TRANS’ which have freezing resistance and high yield in this study. ‘TRANS’ is a new wheat-rye translocation cultivar developed by crossing between common wheat ‘Keumkangmil’ and ‘951188-G3-G1’, a 1AL.1RS translocation derived from ‘Fleming’ with the aim of high yield and resistant genes to various unfavorable environments carried by 1RS. ‘TRNAS’ have clearly different genetic and agronomic traits to the control cultivar ‘Keumkangmil’. The heading date and maturity of ‘TRANS’ are later than that of ‘Keumkangmil’. ‘TRANS’ has 1023 spike number per square meters and grain yield of 541 kg/10a, which are higher than ‘Keumkangmil’ (904 spike number/m2 and 504 kg/10a yield). ‘TRANS’ showed winter hardiness and powdery mildew resistance in artificial infection test and field evaluation. ‘TRANS’ gives lower flour yield than ‘Keumkangmil’ but ash and protein content were similar to that of ‘Keumkangmil’. The color of flour and noodle dough of ‘TRANS’ were darker than ‘Keumkangmil’. Quality parameters related to milling, flour quality, noodle dough and end-use quality of ‘TRANS’ indicates that ‘TRANS’ is soft wheat suitable for noodle making. ‘TRANS’ can be cultivated in entire part of Korea. Registration Grant No.: 4695