We present JHK near-infrared photometric study for the old open cluster (OC) Trumpler 5 (Tr 5), based on the 2MASS data. From the color-magnitude diagrams of Tr 5, we have located the position of the red giant clump (RGC) stars, and used the mean magnitude of the RGC stars in K-band to estimate the distance to Tr 5, d = 3:1±0:1 kpc ((m-M)0 = 12:46±0:04). From fitting the theoretical isochrones of Padova group, we have estimated the reddening, metallicity, and age : E(B-V ) = 0:64±0:05, [Fe/H] = -0:4 ± 0:1 dex, and t = 2:8 ± 0:2 Gyr (log t = 9:45 ± 0:04), respectively. These parameters generally agree well with those obtained from the previous studies on Tr 5 and confirms that this cluster is an old OC with metallicity being metal-poorer than solar abundance, located in the anti-Galactic center region.

From the short-period variability survey (SPVS) in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, I obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of the young open cluster M29 (NGC 6913) for 15 nights from May 30, 2008 to September 17, 2009. I observed 48 variable stars including 45 new ones. They consisted of 5 δ Scuti, a Cepheid, 16 eclipsing binaries and 24 semi-long periodic and/or slow irregular type variable stars including β Cephei and LPB type stars. For the rest two ones, the type of variability was not defined. I also checked the variability of the 26 known variable stars listed in the GCVS. Only three ones among 26 known variable stars confirmed variability.

From the short-period variability survey (SPVS) in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory, we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of an open cluster M38 (NGC 1912) for 23 nights from February 1, 2007 to December 7, 2008. We found 18 δ Scuti stars and 2 γ Doradus stars. Among them, only 3 δ Scuti stars were known ones. From the color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of M38, most of them have been located in the instability strip. The two γ Doradus stars have been located within γ Doradus strip of M38. But, only four δ Scuti stars were located within radius 10' from the center of M38. To confirm of their membership for M38, we need more study, such as, proper motion by spectroscopic observation.

We present UBV I photometry of the old open cluster NGC 1193. Color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of this cluster show a well defined main sequence and a sparse red giant branch. For the inner region of r < 50′′, three blue straggler candidates are newly found in addition to the objects Kaluzny (1988) already found. The color-color diagrams show that the reddening value toward NGC 1193 is E(B − V ) = 0.19 ± 0.04. From the ultraviolet excess measurement, we derived the metallicity to be [Fe/H]= −0.45 ± 0.12. A distance modulus of (m −M)0 = 13.3 ± 0.15 is obtained from zero age main sequence fitting with the empirically calibrated Hyades isochrone of Pinsonneault et al. (2004). CMD comparison with the Padova isochrones by Bertelli et al. (1994) gives an age of log t = 9.7±0.1.

From the short-period variability survey (SPVS), we obtained time-series BV CCD images in the region of an open cluster M50 (NGC 2323) for 10 nights from 2008 February 9 to 27. The observation was performed using a small refracting telescope ( ϕ=155mm, f=1050mm) in Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory (BOAO). M50 is included in the observing field of ASAS (The All Sky Automated Survey). In the region of M50, we found 8 new variable stars including two δ Scuti stars with short-periods and very small amplitudes. There are known nine variable stars by the catalogues of ASAS and GCVS in the region. We confirmed the variability of the known variable stars for six and non-variability for three.

We present optical and near-infrared imaging and long-slit spectroscopy for the blue compact dwarf galaxy (BCD) Mrk 49 in the Virgo Cluster. The surface brightness distribution analysis shows that Mrk 49 consists of an off-centered blue bright compact core of r = 10′′ and a red faint outer exponential envelope. The Hα image and color difference suggest that these two components have different stellar populations: a high surface brightness population of massive young stars and an underlying low surface brightness population of older stars. The redder near-infrared colors of the inner most region suggest that the near-infrared flux of Mrk 49 originates from evolved massive stars associated with the current star-forming activity. The total apparent magnitude is BT = 14.32 mag and the mean effective surface brightness is μeff (B) = 21.56 mag arcsec−2. Long-slit spectroscopy shows that Mrk 49 rotates apparently as a solid body within r = 10′′ in a plane at position angle 55 degrees with an amplitude of about 20 km sec−1. The measured radial velocity of Mrk 49 was derived as 1,535 km sec−1; and the total mass of stars and gases is in the range of 3 to 6 × 109 M⊙. The mass-to-light ratios for the central region of Mrk 49 in I and B band are estimated 1.0 and 0.5, respectively. The upper limit of the dark matter to visible matter ratio seems to be < 5. The oxygen abundance is 12 + log(O/H) = 8.21 ± 0.1 which is about one quarter of the solar value while the relative helium abundance appears to be similar to that of the sun.

산림경영의 기본 구획단위는 임․소반이다. 산림경영 단위로서의 임․소반의 중요성에도 불구하고 구체적인 임․소반 구획기준과 적용방법이 없어 경영단위로서의 의미가 퇴색되어 가고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 임․소반 구획을 위한 기준과 방법론을 제시하여 이를 남부지방산림관리청 관할의 ‘춘양경영계획구’에 적용하고 기존 임․소반 구획과 비교해 보았다. 임반 경계를 조정하기 위해 구축된 대상지의 수치도면자료를 바탕으로 GIS 공간분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 새로 조정된 임반 경계 안에서 중첩분석과 군집분석(SAS 8.2)을 실시하여 이들 결과를 바탕으로 소반구획을 재조정 하였다. 새로운 기준에 의한 재조정 결과 기존 임․소반 경계의 많은 부분이 유역, 임상, 지형조건 등의 요소를 반영하여 수정되었다. 본 연구 결과는 임․소반 구획 및 경계의 재조정 문제에 있어 방법론적 틀을 제공한다는 데 의미를 가진다.

The objective of this study was to use cluster analysis to determine differences in eating-out behavior among grouped clusters of female consumers after each cluster was divided based on lifestyle patterns. The data were collected by interview survey from a biased sample of 1,300 females, ranging from ages 20 to 59, and living in residential districts of Seoul. Reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to the data. Four lifestyle factors were extracted by lower-division and classified as follows: health condition, consuming, food, and housing lifestyles. Based on these four factors, the female consumers were grouped as three clusters: the consuming-individuality type, rational-pursuit type, and conservative-stability type. The eating-out behavior of each cluster was significantly different in terms of frequency of eating-out, eating-out expenditures, restaurant selection criteria, food preferences, and the purpose for eating-out. Since this study surveyed females from ages 20 to 59, age and demographics were the differential factors in determining the various lifestyle types. Thus, to target the consumers who form a target market, the food industry should consider market segmentation that combines demographic factors such as age, income, and marital status.