This study aims to investigate the present status and factors influencing farmers’ satisfaction on the crop insurance for pear. Data analyzed were collected by survey and ordered logistic model was utilized for an empirical analysis. The results demonstrate that producers who are more highly educated and have an experience to receive an educational program related to crop insurance for pear are more likely to satisfy. In addition, it is shown that sales have a negative effect on the satisfaction whereas cultivated areas have a positive relationship with it. Based on the findings, it is necessary to develop a new educational program, strengthen public relations, and support an insurance premium for improving farmers’ satisfaction of the insurance for pear.

This study investigates the impact of Malaysia’s capital market and other key determinants on Economic Growth from the period of 1988 to 2012. The key determinants studied are foreign direct investment and real interest rate. This study also examines the long run and short run relationship between the economic growth and capital market, foreign direct investment, and real interest rate by using bound testing cointegration of Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) version of ARDL model. The empirical results of the study suggest that there is long- run cointegration among the capital market, foreign direct investment, real Interest rate and economic growth. The result also suggests that capital market and real interest rate have positive impact on economic growth in the short run and long run. Foreign direct investment does not show positive impact on economic growth in the short run but it does in the long run.

Purpose – This paper aims to find and analyze factors that determine the flows of bilateral foreign direct investment in intra- ASEAN. It specifically focuses on the dimension of macro- economic, natural resources, human resources, and the quality of governance. Research design, data, and methodology – Data were collected from 64 bilateral relations between ASEAN nations from 2002 to 2013. Panel gravity model was utilized to find factors that determine the flows of bilateral foreign direct investment. Results – Significant factors were identified that determine the flows of bilateral foreign direct investment: GDP home country, GDP host country, real interest rate, distance, and total natural resources rent. Unexpectedly, natural resources have a negative effect. Conclusions – In a situation of increasing the flow of FDI among the countries of ASEAN, the government should control the interest rates and maintain good relations with nearby countries. The negative effect of total natural resource rents implies that ASEAN countries should not depend on their natural resources to attract foreign investments.

한국의 대 중국 투자는 지리적, 역사적, 문화적으로의 관계가 있기 때문에 대 중국 투자가 매우 활발한 편이다. 한국 기업들의 대 중국 업종별 직접투자를 살펴보면 노동집 약적인 업종에 집중되었다는 점이다. 노동집약적 업종에 집중된 원인은 두 가지가 있다. 첫 번째는 한국 기업들의 대 중국 투자진출이 대부분 생산효율추구 요인 즉, 중국의 값 싸고 풍부한 노동력을 활용하여 생산한 뒤 제3국 혹은 한국으로 수출하려는 목적에 의해 결정되었기 때문이며, 두 번째로는 그 동안 중국정부가 비제조업 부문, 특히 서비스 부 문과 같은 3차 산업에 대한 외국인 직접투자를 제한한 정책 또한 이러한 현상의 중요한 원인으로 작용한 것으로 보인다. 그러나 이러한 추세가 시간이 흐를수록 제조업의 투자 가 줄어들고 상대적으로 3차 산업의 비중이 늘어나는 추세로 변화되고 있다. 결과는 두 산업에 대한 투자의 결정요인은 차이점이 있다. 시장규모의 변수는 제조업 투자와 기대한 계수의 부호와 같이 정(+)의 관계가 나타나지만 서비스업에 대한 투자는 부(-)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타낸다. DIR는 제조업에서는 통계적으로 유이하지 않지만 제조업에서는 통계적으로 정(+)의 관계가 나타났다. 환율의 변수를 보면 제조업에서 통 계적으로 정(+)의 관계가 나타나지만 서비스업은 통계적으로 유의수준에서 부(-)의 관계 가 나타났다.

FDI in China begins in 1979 with China's reform and opening-up, which has brought China a great progress in the economic development up to now. For the sake of attracting FDI to China, Chinese government has built several special economic zones around coastal areas and the scale of FDI in China has been greeting its prosperous time since China's entry into WTO in 2001. In 2002, China firstly surpassed the USA and ranked as the first in the world with 52.7 billion dollars of annual FDI. More recently, the actual FDI in 2012 in China was 111.7 billion dollars, making a great contribution to China's economic development. With the guidance of government, most of the FDI focused on the coastal areas in east of China during the past 30 years. However, in order to reduce the regional differences, narrow the wealth gap, the FDI in major eastern cities and coastal areas has been gradually transferred to the central and western regions of China. This study makes a positive analysis on the determining factors of FDI site selection in China, according to the data provided by 29 provinces in the past 28 years. This analysis focuses on all the east, central and west regions of China. The results of regression analysis indicate that: 1. In a national scope, the FDI in China is proportional to the GRDP and export, but inversely proportional to salaries and students percentage.2. In the eastern, central and western local scope, the FDI in this three regions is all proportional to the GRDP and the percentage of secondary industry, but inversely proportional to salaries and students percentage. Additionally, the FDI is proportional to the export in east of China, while that is not obvious in central and western regions.3. The study on the three-region interactions shows that the FDI in three regions are proportional and the closer the locations are, the deeper the influence is. Therefore, the conclusion is that relationship of the three regions is not competitive but mutually promotive.

This study aimed to provide basic data for the national park management by analysing visitors' behavior and satisfaction determinants by importance-performance analysis and estimated regression analysis through post-occupancy evaluation questionnaire method to the Gyeongju National Park visitors. It was found that facilities and use management according to place and use group, the diversity of visit program, high quality of guidance and hospitality of staffs and conservation of historic and landscape resources for Gyeongju National Park were necessary as the results of behavior analysis, importance-performance analysis. The historic landscape resources, hospitality of staffs, visit road and safety facilities, commercial facilities were important determinants of users' satisfaction as the results of regression analysis. It suggested the characteristics of Gyeongju National Park and these factors were the most important factors for the improved management.

The objective of the research was to study the determinants affecting the decision to study nautical science program within a Thai maritime institute in preparation for working post-graduation as a ship officer on a merchant ship. The samples are classified by institute, academic year, cumulative score level, domicile, and parent's monthly income. The total sample of study was 386 Thai merchant marine students. The data collection method was a one to five rating scale questionnaire. The statistical methods applied in analyzing the data were percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, one way analysis of variance and a Sheffe's test. The study shows seven factors that influenced the decision in descending order; expectations, tuition and scholarships, selection system, quality of the institute, background and private capability, generality of the institute and external influences on the decision. The decision to select an institute was classified by institute and revealed that different institutes had distinct determinants that led to the decision. The students were from The Merchant Marine Training Center and from The International Maritime College, Kasetsart University were differences. There were no dissimilarity between academic year, cumulative score level, domicile, and parent's monthly income.

기업재무분야에 있어 최적의 자본구조에 관한 내용은 주된 이슈이자 관심분야로 남아있다. 즉, 최적의 자본조달 형태의 결정은 기업의 현금흐름에 대한 유동성을 확보하고, 나아가 기업의 재무건전성과 자금조달의 토대인 기업가치 극대화에까지 영향을 미치게 된다. 이러한 관점에서 국내외 많은 연구자들은 부채만기의 결정에 관해 실증하고자 하였으나, 개별 산업적 특성이 분명하게 존재함에도 불구하고 이를 충분히 반영하지 못하는 한계점들을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선박확보라는 주요 자본조달 의사결정이 요구되고 있는 국적외항선사들을 중심으로 부채만기결정요인에 대해 살펴보고자 하였으며, 연구결과 기업의 규모, 자산의 만기, 유동성, 성장옵션, 기업의 우량성이 해운기업의 부채만기와 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 성장옵션의 경우 부채만기와 부(-)의 관계가 존재하였으며, 세금과 레버리지는 부채의 만기와 관계가 없는 것으로 분석되었다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the business performance determinants of private consulting firms supporting bottom-up local development projects in rural areas. Under the shortage of well-trained rural development professionals, Private consulting firms support rural development projects driven by the residents. Considering the important role for consulting firms to play in the success in rural development projects, it becomes necessary to review the circumstances of consulting market on rural development projects. This study targeted 80 companies that are listed in the book rural development consulting firms. Analysis showed that factors influencing the business performance are not professional competencies but other external factors. The implications based on the above results need to be considered for policy-making to ensure that consulting company selection must be guaranteed of the consulting firms'capability by detailed fields of consulting firms' capability, and the training system for rural development experts must be formed.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the community center users' the determinants of utilization & satisfaction for the exploit and to draw out the implication as to what are the influencing factors. The ordered logit model approach was used to examine the determinants. For the use of community center, we surveyed by mail subjecting on rural residents for one month, June 2012, analyzed 625 valid questionnaires. The findings are as follows. First, 'Facility-Satisfaction', 'Education', 'Exploit-Frequency' and 'Age' are the most important factors which affect users' satisfaction. Second, 'A meeting hall function', 'Cultural & Educational function', 'Social & Organizational function', and 'functional criticality function' influence the attributes of users' utilization. Therefore, it is needed to establish the various functions of community center and to prepare the vitalization plan in futuristic viewpoint reflecting the change of rural area. In addition, since there is no clear entity to supervise community center administratively, policy support system to community center should be equipped. Along with these, it is needed to develop managing and operation model for customized community center.

본 연구는 자기효능감 이론(Bandura, 1986), 성취정서의 통제-가치 이론(Pekrun, 2000) 및 자기결정성 이론(Deci & Ryan, 1985)을 체육 맥락에 적용하여 지각된 학습환경과 과제 지속행동의 관계에서 인지, 동기와 정서의 매개역할을 검증하고, 과제 지속행동에 대한 선행요인들의 영향력이 남녀 집단에서 차이가 있는지 비교하였다. 연구대상은 중학생 778명(남학생 384명, 여학생 394명)이었다. 구조방정식모델링의 결과 부분매개모델의 적합도가 자료에 가장 적합하였고(X2=3720.15, df=1107, p<001, Q=3.36, TLI=906, CFI=912, RMSEA=055), 과제 지속행동의 분산 중 61%가 선행변인들에 의해 설명되었다. 긍정적 부정적정서, 자기효능감, 결과기대, 자율적 행동조절이 지각된 학습환경과 과제 지속행동의 관계에서 부분 매개의 역할을 하였다. 다집단 분석의 결과 지각된 학습환경, 정서, 자기효능감 구인, 자율적 행동조절이과제 지속행동에 미치는 영향은 남녀 중학생 집단에서 차이를 보였다. 본 결과는 학생들의 성취행동에 대한 환경적, 사회-인지적 동기와 정서 요인들의 역할과 관련하여 논의되었다.

최근 급격한 P&I 보험료의 인상은 해운원가에서 차지하는 비중이 점차 커지면서, 과거와 달리 선주들의 P&I 보험의 선택과 경쟁적인 보험료 확보를 위한 노력도 지속되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 P&I 보험에 대한 여러 측면에서의 서비스 품질과 그 결정요인을 실증적으로 분석하고 P&I 보험의 서비스 품질의 결정 요인들이 고객만족에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고자 하였다. 본 연구결과는 P&I Club의 선택기준 마련과 유지에 활용 가능할 것이며, P&I Club 측면에서는 P&I 보험서비스의 어떤 품질과 그 결정 요인들을 개선하여 기존 회원사의 유지와 신규회원사 확보 등 시장 점유율 확대에 활용할 수 있을 것인가에 관한 장기경영전략을 수립하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

Early pregnancy loss in humans, which often occurs due to defects that occur before, during or immediately after implantation, is a worldwide social and economic concern. For successful implantation to occur in the receptive uterus, the blastocyst must also attain implantation competency. The first evidence that the state of activity of the blastocyst determines the “window” of implantation in the receptive uterus was derived from reciprocal blastocyst transfer experiments in a delayed implantation mouse model. This model is a powerful approach to define the molecular signaling components that direct blastocyst activation or dormancy. Nearly 100 mammals in seven different orders undergo delayed implantation, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. There is evidence that catecholestrogens produced from primary estrogens in the uterus activate blastocysts. Another lipid signaling molecule that targets blastocysts is an endocannabinoid anandamide, which activates G-protein coupled cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Expression of CB1 in the Tr, and uterine synthesis of anandamide, suggest that endocannabinoid signaling is critical to implantation in mice. Levels of uterine anandamide and blastocyst CB1 are coordinately downregulated with the attainment of uterine receptivity and blastocyst activation, respectively, in contrast to their elevated levels in the nonreceptive uterus and dormant blastocysts. Anandamide regulates blastocyst function by differentially modulating MAPK signaling and Ca2+channelactivityviaCB1. Using delayed implantation model, a global gene expression study showed that these two different physiological states of the blastocyst are molecularly distinguishable. The main functional categories of altered genes include cell cycle, cell signaling and energy metabolic pathways. This study also showed an upregulated expression of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in activated blastocysts and is complementary to earlier reports of upregulated expression of its receptor ErbB1 and ErbB4 in similar blastocysts. Recently, we demonstrated that silencing of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling in mice does not adversely affect the development of preimplantation embryos to blastocysts and uterine preparation for receptivity, but, remarkably, blocks blastocyst competency to implantation. A coordinated activation of canonical Wnt-beta-catenin signaling with Cox-2-PPARd signaling pathway ensures blastocyst competency to implantation. These findings constitute novel evidence that Wnt signaling is at least one pathway that determines blastocyst competency for implantation. More insight into the molecular basis of blastocyst competency for implantation might help to improve pregnancy rates in human IVF programs.

본 연구는 근래 해운산업 현장 근로자인 우리나라 선원이 감소하는 현상에 대하여 이들의 이직의사를 결정하는 요인을 파악하고자 선원을 대상으로 실증적인 연구를 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 선원들의 임금, 근로조건에 대한 만족이 높을수록 선원들의 이직의사는 낮다. 또한 선원들의 사회적 정체성 및 경력비전에 대한 만족도가 높을수록 선원들의 이직의사는 낮다. 이에 부가하여 인구통계특성 중에서는 선원들의 나이가 많을수록, 미혼일 경우보다는 기혼자가 이직의사는 낮은 반면, 고졸이하 선원에 비해 대졸이상 선원의 이직의사가 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of spillover effects of regional regeneration projects. This finds that the effects are positively determined by population sizes of regions and degree of industrial specialization of regeneration related industries. In particular, the improvement of accessibility through the development of transportation infrastructure facilities can contribute to increases of economic impacts of regeneration projects of high-income regions on the lagged regions. Microeconomic approaches and dynamic modelling need to be integrated for this impact analysis as further research fields.

이 연구는 단계적변화모형에서 운동참여단계 이행의 결정요인을 알아보기 위해 2009년 서울시에 거주하고 있는 당해 연도 30세 이상 성인 남녀 중 변화단계의 준비단계, 행동단계, 그리고 유지단계에 위치한 운동참여자 744명을 목적표집해 t-test와 이항로지스틱 회귀분석에 적용했다. 분석된 결과에 의하면 첫째, 준비단계는 남성(여성은 운동이익, 의식고양, 자극조절)이 자기효능감, 운동손실, 극적사고전환, 자기재평가, 반대조건화, 도움관계에서 높게 나타났고 행동단계(여성은 자극조절만)는 자기효능감과 도움관계에서 높게 나타났으며 유지단계(여성은 운동이익, 의식고양, 자극조절)는 운동손실과 강화관리에서 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 남성은 준비와 행동단계를 구분하는데 자기효능감과 자기재평가가 결정요인이었으며 행동과 유지단계를 구분하는데 운동이익과 의식고양이 결정요인이었다. 여성은 준비와 행동단계를 구분하는데 강화관리가 결정요인이었으며 행동과 유지단계를 구분하는데 자극조절이 결정요인이었다. 이러한 결과는 단계적변화모형에서 운동참여단계 이행의 결정요인과 관련해 후속연구를 위해 논의했다.

The main objective of the present study is to find out which factors affect coresidence between older Korean parents and their adult children and to examine the regional patterns of the phenomenon. The 1980, 1995 and 2005 Korea census data are used to investigate the determinants of two types of parent-child coresidence. The two types are coresidence with married adult children and one with unmarried adult children. The study takes advantage of the multilevel mltinomial logit model, allowing the model to capture regional differences. Findings from the study are: (1) Korean parents' coresidence with their married adult children and one with their unmarried adult children are distinctive in their determinants; (2) variables related to wealth or economic status are positively related with possibilities of both types of coresidence; and (3) considerable regional differences in the possibility of coresidence do exist among regions in Korea.

The objective of this research was to analyze the determinants of demand for residential settlements in rural societies. A significant aspect of the demand analysis was to consider depopulation classification as a moderating variable with a view to its role as an essential dividing factor of socioeconomic characteristics and physical environments of the areas of concern. The data collection for analysis was divided according to types of depopulation into the three categories of less developed, stagnated, and developed areas. For the cause and effect analysis between the residential demand and factors of settlement, the ordered probit model was applied. Significant determinants of settlement demand unfolded according to depopulation types. In the case of less developed areas, residential demand was affected significantly by the factors of daily life convenience and public facilities. Key settlement demand determinants of stagnated regions included the aspects of basic natural environment, daily life convenience and education. Meanwhile, key settlement demand determinants for developed areas included education and agriculture economic aspects. The importance-performance analysis was also applied to a set of settlement characteristics of rural communities to figure out the settlement factors requiring urgent endeavor to improve.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of the digital divide at individual level and regional level in Korea, considering interaction between individual and the regional variables. Following results are obtained. First, individual level digital devide in the 16 different regions has been found in terms of Internet use, implying the needs for further analysis on impact of the regional factor in individual Internet use. Second, the result finds the impact of level-l individual variables, "gender, age, education, income and jobs" on digital divide, significantly at level 10% level. Third, the regional variables influencing the individual digital divide were not found at state level. However, regional factors might affect digital devide at county level. Study suggest some plans to reduce digital divide. First, the digital devide at individual level should be remedied by focusing on neglected class of people. Second, we need to approach the digital divide by analyzing in more detail, reflecting interactions of the regional variables and individual variables. Third, we should come up with a policy for mending the digital divide at regional level.

According to diverse studies in population migration, there has been a strong age-dependent population distribution in Korea. It is shown that a particular age-group tends to reside in a particular locale or community and the effect possesses usually statistical significance. We quantitatively address this issue: how certain division of age group resides in different region of the country, and investigate possible cause of this migration pattern for different age groups. In this study, population migration trend at age groups of 20s, 30s, 40s and 50s has been analyzed incorporating a spatial econometrics model that accounts for diverse statistical pitfalls such as spatial autocorrelation and spatial dependency. We found that migration trend for different age group corresponds to regional characteristics differently. The study concludes with some policy implications and suggests a need of further study.