본 논문은 한국의 연구개발투자가 제조업구분에 따른 파급효과들을 산업연관분석을 이용하여 분석하고 있다. 연구 방법은 2010∼2014년 국내 산업연관표 상에서 연구개발투자 부문을 외생화하고, 경제협력개발기구(OECD)의 기술수준 분류표에 입각하여 기술수준별로 제조업을 분류하여 연구개발투자가 미치는 생산유발효과와 부가가치유발효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 연구개발투자의 기술수준별 제조업 구분에 따른 생산유발효과는 중고기술과 중저기술에 속한 제조업에서 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 부가가치유발효과 역시 중고기술 제조업에서 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 연구개발투자가 가장 많은 고기술제조업에서 생산유발효과와 부가가치유발효과가 상기 2부문보다 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과들은 한국 제조업이 연구개발투자를 통해 기술수준의 제고를 달성하고 이를 산업구조의 고도화로 이어간다는 품질사다리론과 연계되지 않았음을 의미한다. 이러한 분석결과로부터 한국의 연구개발투자가 고기술제조업의 생산유발과 부가가치효과의 증대를 위해 구조조정이 필요하다는 시사점을 얻었다. 본 논문은 산업연관표의 구조적 특성으로 인해 연구개발투자의 시차를 고려하지 못한 한계를 안고 있다.

Global issues, such as resource depletion, reduction of greenhouse emissions, etc., have been raised. Environmental issues regarding resources and energy are addressed by various industries that provide products and services. However, industries related to the environment have been separated and controlled. Industries related to the environment exist internationally. The Initiative of the environmental industry is the same as the final objective for protecting the environment, but it is different according to the subcategories or indicators of the industry. In this study, the economic effects of the uni-materialization-related industry on Korea by using the inter-industry related to the pollution prevention were analyzed in accordance with using I-O methodology, reflected by a sector of I-O. This study analyzed the unimaterialization industry being specified as exogenous in order to identify the economic effects of the industry on other industries, using the 2014 I-O table data. The economic effects include production, value-adding and employmentinducing, supply-shortage, price-pervasive, and analysis of inter-industrial linkage. The results of the analysis concluded that primary metal products are highest in the production-inducing effect, whereas wholesale and retail trade is the highest in value-added inducing and employment-inducing effects. Construction is the highest in the supply-shortage effects, and other precision instruments are the highest in price-pervasive effects. Based on these results, although the unimaterialization- related industry plays a large role in intermediary products, it is necessary to promote investment in materials and components industries to increase the technological competitiveness of the uni-materialization-related industry that are still highly dependent on imports. Also this study has a limitation that draws economic effects of the industry related to exact resource circulation because of no systematic categories of environmental industries.

This study analyzed whether there are mediating effects of government policies between the inputs and the economic performances of Korean bioenergy companies-this was accomplished by applying a mediating analysis by PROCESS Macro ver 2.16.3 (Hayes, 2013) based on a survey from the bioenergy companies. The analysis found that the increase in inputs of the Korean bioenergy companies affected the increase of performance through the government policies. In addition, comparing the mediating effects of detailed policies, this study found that said effects were greater in the order of RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standard) > the price variation of electricity = the obligation of greenhouse gas reduction > the changes in business scale based on RPS·RFS(Renewable Fuel Standard). However, it was found that the price variation of transportation fuels and RFS did not make a significant difference. There are two political implications of this study. First, to enhance the economic performance of bioenergy companies, the Korean government should keep the expanding trend of the current RPS. Second, the government needs to emphasize the importance of biofuels for transportation and make policies to develop related industries.

Based on a survey of Korean waste-to-energy (WTE) firms, this article analyzes the R&D effectiveness of the WTE industry, which accounts for the largest proportion of new and renewable energy power generation in Korea, using multiple and logistic regression. A company’s R&D can be considered effective if its R&D inputs (e.g., R&D expenditure/sales, R&D manpower/employees, education/training, and reward systems) or R&D outputs (e.g., patent applications and approvals, the introduction of new products and services, and the redesign of products and processes) contribute to an increase in R&D outcomes (e.g., decrease in production costs, the creation of employment, and market entry). It was found that market entry is not affected by R&D inputs but is positively influenced by R&D outputs, indicating that Korean WTE firms have focused on market entry via the technology transfer of new products and services and/or the redesign of products and processes. In the WTE industry, the creation of employment does not have a statistically significant relationship with R&D expenditure/sales, R&D manpower/employees, or the redesign of products, but it does exhibit a positive relationship with education/training, reward systems, patent applications and approvals, and the introduction of new products and services. Finally, the decrease in production costs is not influenced by R&D expenditure/sales, R&D manpower/employees, reward systems, or patent applications and approvals, but is positively affected by education/training, the introduction of new products and services, and the redesign of products and processes. A policy implication of these results is that market entry show the virtual cycle on expanding R&D expenditure/sales and/or R&D manpower/employees.

The growth of the Waste-to-Energy (WTE) industry is attracting attention as a powerful means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions; the Korean government is supporting various efforts such as increasing R&D investment. Despite the importance of the WTE industry, the analysis of R&D efficiency remains insufficient. This study analyzes the R&D efficiency of the Korean WTE industry and its determinants. After R&D activities are separated into input and output, R&D efficiency is analyzed with regard to whether R&D input contributes to increased R&D output using multiple regression and logistic regression methodologies based on the survey of Korean WTE firms. In the results of analysis, the introduction of new products and services was positively affected by R&D manpower and education-training. In addition, the redesign of products and processes was positively affected by R&D expenditure, R&D manpower, education-training, and the reward system. The policy implication is that education and training for R&D manpower should be provided to improve R&D efficiency, and there should be investment in basic and applied research and development research should be expanded to gain global compETitiveness.

The waste-to-energy (WTE) industry draws global attention by using wastes as energy resources. Korean government is very inclined to invest in the WTE industry. Therefore, it is believed that there will be an industrial scale-up. Also it is needed to make proper strategies for promoting the industry by creating the added value of related companies. This study analyzes whether the value-added structure of Korean WTE industry exhibits a virtuous cycle through the value chain (VC) within related companies by using a regression analysis based on a survey to Korean WTE companies. As a result, the government’s R&D support is analysed not to contribute to an increase in the R&D investments of the WTE companies. Also an increase in corporates’ R&D investments does not lead to an increase in corporates’ R&D outputs. An increase in corporates’ R&D outputs, however, has the positive influence on an increase in production. In contrast, an increase in production does not have an effect on a decrease in production costs. And a decrease in production costs does not lead to an increase in profit rates per sales. In addition, it is shown that an increase in profit rates per sales does not contribute to an increase in production and R&D investments. Therefore, it is estimated that the Korean WTE companies do not organize the virtuous cycle of the VC yet. This study has a policy implication to need further efforts to create the virtuous cycle in the VC of Korean WTE industry.