This study was conducted in order to evaluate three different non- invasive blood pressure measurement methods (NIBP) in comparison with direct blood pressure measurements in anesthetized dogs. Ten normal healthy Beagle dogs (mean age; 3.7 ± 1.01 yrs, mean body weight 10.2 ± 1.15 kg) were enrolled in this study. BP was measured using three different methods, i.e., Doppler (DOP), oscillometric, and high density oscillometric (HDO) methods, simultaneously, five times in each subject under anesthesia at three different locations (right, left front legs, and tail). The blood pressure value measured by the Doppler method was the closest to the value measured by the direct method. Although the accuracy and consistency of BP measured by three different non-invasive methods differed according to the method, all methods, except the conventional oscillometric method, were acceptable for monitoring systolic blood pressure in anesthetic dogs. The inter-measurement variations in DOP and HDO were minimal without affecting the consistency of the test results.

In this study, amenity evaluation technique for indoor air quality in the underground space was developed and evaluated real-time amenity by utilizing real-time sensor monitoring system equipped with the technique. The factors used for amenity evaluation were PMV value, VOCs, illumination, PM₁₀ and CO₂. The amenity value with 60 percent represents the environmental standards of subjected factors. Based on the field survey using the monitoring system developed under this study, the amenity values of CO₂ whose environmental standard is 1,000ppm were 97% for 400ppm and 26% for 1,100ppm, respectively. That of PM₁₀ having 150㎍/㎥ as an environmental standard were 99% for 25㎍/㎥ and 80% for 100㎍/㎥. Evaluated amenity based on VOCs concentration at the subjected areas was in bad condition. And those for PM10 and CO₂ were dependant on the floating population. From the results of this study, the real-time sensor monitoring system installed with the amenity evaluation technique could be a practical tool to evaluate indoor air quality to manage air quality of underground spaces like subway station. New amenity assessment technique using a real-time sensor monitoring of indoor air quality as well as physical environmental properties was developed in this study. The concentrations of CO₂, PM₁₀, VOCs were considered as new parameters to analyze the indoor air quality and they are included in an amenity assessment program of indoor area. We found that the new method is better to express the amenity degree of residents through field tests than conventional thermal comfort technique.

This study was conducted with respect to the causal factors revealed through the investigation of the recent airlines aircraft crash accident which occurred while aircraft was on the climb-out or on the final approach. This study also highlighted the importance of flight deviation and exceedance occurrences in consideration of Flight Operational Quality Assurance Program(FOQA). Twenty airline pilots participated in the flight experiment to perform ten(10) sets of simulated approaches and landings. As a result, Twelve(12) kinds of deviation events were discovered. In this respect, The FOQA program must be fully implemented to prevent any flight safety incident under the auspices of the Korea domestic aviation community as well.

To reduce winging scapula, various exercise protocols have been widely used by clinicians. Selective serratus anterior strengthening, and restoring balanced function, are especially recommended to reduce winging scapula. The purpose of this study was to investigate visual biofeedback using a real time video camera display system for monitoring scapular winging during arm lowering. For this study, 13 males with winging scapular were recruited during arm lowering. Electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the serratus anterior (SA) and upper trapezius (UT) of the right side and compared with normal EMG activity using a paired t-test. The study showed, through visual biofeedback, that EMG activity significantly increased in the SA and significantly decreased in the UT (p<.05). These results suggest that visual biofeedback can be recommended as an effective method for scapular eccentric control, to prevent scapular winging during arm lowering.

비둘기 깃털을 이용하여 섬지역(경기도 덕적도), 도심지역(서울), 공단지역(여천, 안산, 울산, 부산)의 납 오염 수준을 모니터링 해본 결과, 깃털의 평균 납 농도는 섬지역이 2.55 μg/wet g, 도심 지역이 4.99 μg/wet g, 공단지역이 3.08~9.01 μg/wet g, 으로 각 지역간에 유의한 농도 차이가 있는 것으로 조사되었다(p〈0.05). 다만, 여천 공단의 경우 다른 공단에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타났으며 섬지역과 비슷한 수준의 납이 검출되었다. 이러한 각 지역간 깃털의 납 농도는 대기오염 농도와도 비슷한 경향을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 납 농도가 비교적 낮은 덕적도와 여천 공단의 경우 간과 깃털 조직간에 정의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌지만(p〈0.05) 그외의 지역에서는 상대적으로 간 농도에 비해 깃털의 농도가 높았으며, 두 조직간에 상관관계가 없는 것으로 조사되었다(p〉0.05) 이와 같은 결과는 덕적도와 여천 공단지역의 깃털 중 납의 대부분은 체내 조직으로부터 깃털로 이행되어진 것으로 판단되지만, 그 외 지역에서는 체내 조직에서 깃털로 이행된 양보다는 외부로부터 깃털에 부착된 양이 더 크다는 것을 시사한다.

brightness와 contrast의 적절한 조절은 자연색 재현 및 다양한 분위기 창출이 가능하여 디스플레이의 질을 향상시킬 수 있다. 디스플레이 사용자들은 OSD(On-Screen-Display)를 통해 brightness와 contrast상태를 임의로 조절할 수 있으나, 조절에 따른 영상의 변화를 예측하지 못하므로 이를 잘 활용하지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 brightness와 contrast가 각각 영상에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 자연색 재현이 가능한 최적상태와 4가지의 감성적 분위기를 나타낼 수 있는 조절상태를 정의하였다. 5가지 조절상태를 OSD에 제시함으로써 사용자가 쉽게 영상의 이미지에 적합한 brightness와 contrast상태로 조절할 수 있어 제품에 대한 만족감을 높일 수 있는 brightness/contrast 통함 조절방법을 제안하였다.

This paper describes about the behavior of the Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) in the setnet by telemetry techniques. The telemetry system consists of a pinger of 50KHz, three omni-directional hydrophones and ultrasonic receivers, a single board computer for the signal processing, two RF transceivers for the data comunication and a personnel computer. The fish tagged the pinger was tracked by the LBL method, and its location was calculated by the hyperbolic method. The fish escaped from sea surface to 7m deep right after release and had been swum near the sea surface after 30 minutes being released. Also, in horizontal movements, the fish stayed long time around the enterance of the square net in setnet, and showed the escaping behavior repeatly. The average speed of the fish was about 0.41m/sec(1.1 times of the body length)

This paper describes about the behavior of the lseraeli carp (Cyprinus cartio. body length 43cm) and the Red seabream (Chrysophrys major. body length 35cm) aquacultured by telemetry techniques. The telemetry system consists of a pinger of 50kHz, three omni-directional hydrophones and ultrasonic receivers, a single board computer for the signal processing, two RF transceivers for the data communication, and a personnel computer. Those fish tagged the pingers were tracked by the LBL method, and its location was calculated by the hyperbolic method. The average speed of the lsraeli carp was about 1.0 times of the body length in a farming water tank (24×24×1m), and the Red seabream 1.3 times of the body length in a farming raft (10×10×5m). A variation of the speed of the lsraeli carp was higher than the other one.

The hardware and the software of the prototype telemtry system to monitor the behavior of the fish are designed. This system consistes of five parts I. e. three omni-directional hydrophones, three ultrasonic receivers, a single board computer for the signal processing, two RF transceivers for the data communication, and a personnel computer. The sensitivty of the hydrophones is -170dB(re 1V/μPa), the gain and the 3dB receiving bandwidth of the ultrasonic receivers are 115dB and 1500Hz respectively, and the sampling period is 33.3μsec in the signal processing part. The positioning error of the system using hyperbolic method is estimated to be less than 0.2m in case that the pinger locates inside of the baselines. The perfomance of the system considering a practical use was examined by numerical simulation and a water tank test of a pinger tracking experiment. In results, the system developed in prototype was confirmed that it could be useful for monitoring the behavior of fish in the limited water area.

Muons and neutrons are representative secondary particles that are generated by interactions between primary cosmic ray particles (mostly protons) and the nuclei of atmospheric gas compounds. Previous studies reported that muons experience seasonal variations because of the meteorological effects of temperature. The intensity of neutrons has a typical modulation with various periods and reasons, such as diurnal and solar variation or transient events. This paper reports that cosmic ray particles, which were observed by neutron monitors, have seasonal variations using the daily data at the Oulu neutron monitor. To eliminate the effects of solar activity across time, the daily data were normalized by two different transformations: transformations with respect to the grand mean and yearly mean. The data after transformation with respect to the yearly mean showed more statistical stability and clear seasonal variations. On the other hand, it is difficult to determine if the seasonal variation results from terrestrial effects, such as meteorological factors, or extraterrestrial effects, such as the position of the Earth in its orbit of revolution.

In December 2015, we have installed neutron monitors at the Jang Bogo station in Antarctica. The Jang Bogo station is the second science station which is located at the coast (74° 37.4´S, 164° 13.7´E) of Terra Nova Bay in Northern Victoria Land of Antarctica. A neutron monitor is an instrument to detect neutrons from secondary cosmic rays collided by the atmosphere. The installation of neutron monitor at Jang Bogo station is a part of transferred mission for neutron monitor at McMurdo station of USA. Among 18 tubes of 18-NM64 neutron monitor, we have completed relocation of 6 tubes and the rest will be transferred in December 2017. Currently, comparison of data from the neutron monitors of both two stations is under way and there is a good agreement between the data. The neutron monitors at Jang Bogo station will be quite useful to study the space weather when the installation is completed.