There are many different types of heating methods in the world. Most of these heating methods are through radiation and convection. These heating types emphasize insulation because it is important to maintain the indoor air temperature. In contrast, the ondol, emphasizes thermal storage in the floor because it heats conduction. In other words it heats through direct contact. This unique heating method has created a unique interior environment. Activities have to occur close to the floor so that people may come in direct contact with the heat, thereby influencing the cultural development of the Korean people. The ondol has also created an interior environment where it is warmer near the floor than the ceiling in contrast to other heating systems where the area close to the ceiling is warmer. This environment is inline with the optimal healthy conditions the Koreans prefer, the warm feet cool head environment.

I whole-heartedly congratulate the commencement of the 12th International Society of Ondol Symposium! This symposium is a very meaningful event being held for the 12th time since the birth of the society on an excellent topic ‘Sustainable Architecture and Healthy Living Environment.” I believe that through this symposium we will be able to increase the opportunities for inter-regional exchanges, examine the culture of environment friendly architecture and ondol’s healthy residence, and further the development and succession of the great invention invented by our ancestors, the ondol culture, by combining the ondol technology and culture succeed for thousands of years with the modern. I would like to thank the presidents JuneBong Kim and ShinHo Rhee, board of directors, other secretariats for their efforts in holding this symposium. I would also like to thank the governor of Jin Cheon-gun, Young Hun Yu, for providing the space for this meaningful gathering! I have continuously argued that, like the traditional culture is argued to be the solution to the current human culture, future human culture’s topic should also be searched within the traditional society. More specifically, the solution is in mankind escaping from a human centered mindset and switching to life centered mindset. The biased narrow-minded self-centered philosophy makes people live in a cage made of nationalism, racialism and culture centralism. The results of these conditions these types of point of views are the severe problems we face today. This type of mindset has influenced the way people consider the environment, and at it’s extreme making the environment ancillary to mankind. It can be said a different form of nationalism has been created through the self-centered mind set making mankind the center of the ecosystem instead of being one of the links of the ecosystem chain. If we do not break this self-centeredness it will be impossible to find the stable equilibrium of the ecosystem. The ancient animism that considered every organism as a living thing has hidden itself beneath modern science, and the respect for nature has been replaced with conquest and exploitation. The solution to environmental problems is only possible when the self-centered mindset is broken and the human disposition that seeks to coexist with other species is restored. The restoration of ecological ethics is the only solution for mankind to live on earth forever. Only when the understanding that, things we use have been borrowed from nature and the future is shared, will we be able to solve the current environmental problems. Only when we look at the ondol culture from this point of view, are we able to get a new perspective on the ondol culture and ondol cultural areas that contribute to mankind’s ecology preservation, peace, and coexistence. The research on ondol culture is not simply on culture preservation or education but in the process of recognizing ondol as a cultural asset, understanding ondol culture’s changing pattern, and ondol’s cultural and economic approach. Thus, productive heritage movement is needed. It is great that the variety of activities and academic research of International Society of Ondol’s is not only in cultural asset protection and succession but also in worldwide aggressive cultural asset protection based on environment friendly advancement of mankind’s life quality. From what I have observed of the International Society of Ondol I feel that it has kept the primordial philosophy of ondol culture and has established the identity and symbolism nested within the Korean peninsula. In other words, it has produced results not only in preserving the original form of the culture and managing the certification of ondol technicians but also in ensuring the broad popular appeal of ondol. I would like to praise the efforts and service of International Society of Ondol fortified by advisor Yubok Hwang, president JuneBong Kim, and president Shinho Rhee. In addition, I believe that the following types of efforts are needed. First of all, an academic system based on natural science and humanities of ondol. More specifically there is a need for the expansion and concentration of researchers and experts to explain the ondol culture’s value and meaning quantitatively and through humanities. Secondly, there is a need for the establishment of the ondol culture’s system and management plan. Namely managing resources by ondol securing the original form of ondol culture and technical certification holders, policy based protection and advertisement. Only then will the regional residents that have ondol cultural asset have the pride to voluntary protect and be in the forefront of the cultural movement. Thirdly, by connecting the ondol cultural asset with policy, contribute to regional economy. This process must be done carefully so that it does not destroy the regional culture and it also the process that protects the natural heritage. A tourism policy and sustainable ondol cultural asset conservation strategy must be established. Finally, a strategically promoted administrative support must be secured. Through long-term administrative support with a vision, a unified regional cultural identity must be established through community services of regional culture lovers, such as teens and historians, and alternative movement and community education on cultural asset succession and protection. For continuous cultural development, there is always a need of awareness and behavioral transition. Thus, the modern understanding of the conservation of culture is not in perfectly conserving it in its original state but the process of keeping its original essence and adapting to the developing times. The academic establishment of ondol leads to the establishment of the ondol culture. Furthermore, links within the concept of ondol cultural areas conservation and development, awareness, practice, education and policy. The problems we face today are not independent of the past. The long gone past has provided for us, who live in the modern, wisdom. In addition, it has opened the intelligent knowledge report that allows for the future. Hence, I have great expectations for the International Society of Ondol since it allows for the experience of the environment friendly lifestyles that our ancestors had. Thank you!

구들방에서 불 때기는 대단히 중요하다. 불을 땔 때 내굴이 되기도 하고, 방으로 연기가 나오기도 한다. 불이 잘 들어가고 굴뚝으로 연기가 잘 나가면 구들 잘 놓았다고 한다. 그래서 고래를 깊게 하고 아궁이를 크게 해서 구들을 놓게 된다. 이런 경우 대부분 굴뚝으로 나가는 연기가 열을 많이 가지고 있으 므로 연료가 많이 들어가게 된다. 잘 놓은 구들의 경우, 아궁이에서 완전 연소가 되고 굴뚝으로 나가는 연기는 대부분의 열을 고래에 남겨두어서 차가워져서 무거워진다. 지붕 위로 솟은 높은 굴뚝으로는 연기가 올라가지 못하게 되어야 열을 충분히 사용하게 되는 것이다. 열 손실을 줄여서 연료를 적게 들게 하여야 경제적인 난방시스템이 되는 것이다. 불을 때는 방법에 따라 열 손실은 차이가 많이 난다. 내굴은 굴뚝으로 부는 바람의 방향과 세기에 따라 일어나는 현상이기도 하고, 고래의 상태와 굴뚝의 상태가 더 큰 영향이 있을 것으로도 생각된다. 방바닥이 갈라져서 방안으로 연기가 들어오기도 하고, 불완전 연소로 고래에 꽉찬 연기가 굴뚝으로 나가는 시간 차이로 일어나는 것으로도 생각된다. 고래가 완전히 식은 상태에서는 연료를 잔뜩 쌓아놓고 불을 때면 내굴이 생긴다. 조금씩 천천히 불을 때면 아궁이가 데워지고 고래가 서서히 달구어져서 내굴이 생기지 않는다. 따라서 구들방의 크기에 따라 고래의 깊이와 아궁이의 규모, 굴뚝의 크기와 높이가 결정되어야한다. 불 때는 습관의 차이도 연료 손실과 열효율에 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 이런 모든 사항을 연구하여 하나씩 정리해야 한다.

This study mainly inquired characteristics and changes of 'Chang-aelgool' through 38 cases(with 161 Ssang-chang) of annex and pavillion buildings in Yeong-nam region which are built during the Chosun dynasty. The method of inquiry included actual survey of windows along with bibliographical research, and the results are as below. First, through the discovery of the term 'Chang-aelgool' as an indication of the window-forming frame in 'YeongGeonUiGwe'(1680 A.D), it is apparent that the term 'Chang-aelgool' was widely used in Korea from the late 17th century. Second, the 'Chang-aelgool' of study objects are classified into 4 categories. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ are comprised of mitre-joints which cover the 4 corners of 'Chang-aelgool' and mainly used in building annex and pavillion buildings during the early period of the Chosun dynasty. Type Ⅲ was widely used during the early and middle period of the Chosun dynasty and drastically dropped in number during the late period of the dynasty. Type Ⅳ is comprised of mitre-joint of the upper-half, tenon-jointing of the lower-half and widely used in annex and pavillion building during the late period of the Chosun dynasty. Third, the form of 'Chang-aelgool' has changed from rectangular form with longer width during the early period of Chosun dynasty to square form during the middle period and eventually ended up as a rectangular form with longer height during the late period of the dynasty. Fourth, it is considered that while mullion which is located in the center of 'Chang-aelgool' was mainly used around the main floored room during the early period of the Chosun dynasty, became commonly used in main floored room and 'ondol' rooms during the middle period and drastically dropped in number from then and ended up being not in use after the mid 18th century.

This paper describes the traditional Ondol medical care, the specific combination of ancient and contemporary examples to be articulated. As a traditional Korean culture, to be extracted from the historical perspective, it described the relationship and origins between them, From a health perspective, in accordance with the logic and pharmacology it introduced Ondol as the important principle of health care equipment. The modern architecture of some common harmful to the body, from the perspective of Ondol, it should be improved and based on scientific proof to the theory.

To maintain thermal performance of the Ondol system, elements of the system must be optimally designed so that the thermal performance and hot water flow can be efficiently transmitted from the Ondol system in apartment units. The purpose of this study is to propose the optimal design data and applicable design process of the Ondol system. The design process should incorporate the energy-efficient system as well as a comfortable indoor thermal environment in the early design stage.

As the Inter-floor Thermal Insulation Regulation of apartment house applies, in this study, indoor thermal performance and downward heat loss between the cases when insulation exists and doesn t exist change in the thickness of the structure slab under the inter-floor noise isolation standard, and thermal characteristic of typical floor structure will be compared and analyzed through simulation. And the resultant information will be provided as the basic data for designing Ondol heating design suitable for the property of apartment houses in Korea. As the Inter-floor Thermal Insulation Regulation applies since 2001, upward thermal performance was found to increase by 2~3% but downward heat loss decrease by approx. 30% or more representing that remarkable portion of downward heat loss is reduced. As result of comparing five prototype floor structures, upward thermal performance of the standard floor structure was found to be 70~71 W/㎡ while downward heat loss was, in the case of prototype floor structure, 10~11 W/㎡. As result of simulating the change in thermal performance as per the height of hot water supply pipes, it was found that upward thermal performance increases as the height of pipe gets higher. On the other hand, the difference of temperature between the place right above the pipe and the in-between place gets larger, which implies that thermal performance and difference of hot water temperature should be taken into account in the design of Ondol structure. The difference of upward thermal performances according to the height of pipe and downward heat losses were found to be approx. 10.8% and 5.81% respectively. The thermal performance information in prototype floor structure suggested in this study will be used for the basic data for the design of Ondol heating design.

This paper introduces the basic classification of Ondol, the number and form of main entrance, distribution as a basis for classification. And it introduces the various practices and structural characteristics of Ondol. Details are introduced in various forms Ondol of the working principle. In the paper, it also did a more detailed exposition for some of the concepts right.

Gudul is a traditional heating system which was created by our ancestors. This study is focused to the developments of new flooring material through the physical and chemical analyses of the Gudul rocks. The study proceeded with selecting the theme and study areas, sampling, geological survey, several analyses of the rocks, development of new floor material (a kind of porcelain). Gudul rocks are sampled from a total of twenty one cities and counties are assigned to nine tuffs, five quartz porphyries, four gneisses and three schists in rock type. From the geological study, these rocks are very similar to ones in surrounding areas. Comparing Gudul rocks to others not used in Ondol, Gudul rocks show low densities, higher porosities and brittle features. Analyzed in thermal properties, the rocks are lower in conductivity but higher in conservation and resistance in the aspects of the properties. Considering mutual relations between thermal properties and chemistries of the rocks, conservative characteristics are proportional to MgO contents but not to SiO2. In particular, minute quartz grains in the rocks were gradually cracked and rejected under torch flames. Those features may indicate that quartz grains are closely related with the thermal resistances of the rocks. On the basis of above rock characteristics, new flooring material was made. The material includes the mixed states of amphibolite sludges with high MgO contents and white china soils (bearing kaolinte). Then, the material was tested in the above thermal properties under the variable mixed ratios. At the results, 4:6 (sludge : soil) ratio was the most excellent among above tested materials. So, the textiles used in architecture and the electric heating cushion and the mugcups were produced as test goods.

Human races have used various heating methods, since fire was founded in the world. It is very the important work to trace the history of Ondol, which originated and developed in the Korean peninsula. Especially, the study on ancient Ondol would contribute to improving the present heating methods and predicting future ones. In this paper, we shall study through the analysis of documents such as oriental ancient documents, the document of Choseon dynasty, Europe documents and American documents. In order to discover the origins of Ondol as one of the excellent heating method all over the world, This study aims at identifying the history of Ondol and characteristics in the Korean peninsula, through document analysis. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The first record about Ondol is related to Ondol at Kwankyesa in the border land between Gogooryo and the northeast of China. 2) Ondol built in the period of Balhae dynasty had single flue(Hanjool Gorae) and double flue(Doojool Gorae). 3) The overspreading of Ondol made the quality of Ondol poor in the last of Choseon dynasty. 4) If the layout of Bulmok had been poor, it might have caused the backflow of fire. 5) Korean Ondol has been used as a heating method for a long time and the period is longer than that of the west.

A MOCS(Mobile Ondol heating Control System) is designed for the context-aware inference and the control of the device using mobile phone. The MOCS prepares indoor thermal environments and corresponds to the situation like resident’s coming home. Ondol Heater can be controlled as if the resident came home already. The MOCS adopts direct or indirect awareness of context in housing environment. In this research, it deals with the system making up with agent control module for the direct control and DBMS including the inference for the indirect control. Agent control module is made up of MainServer module for receiving control command and HomeAgent module that operates transmission and receiver by USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) device. DBMS consists of the event log data and the control log data including various databases. The structure of database has systemic information using the hierarchy of physical and electronic context for the inference. Furthermore, we suggest and implement what to provide, control and manage the home service in the mobile environment. Finally, it is expected to embody the ubiquitous housing and apply an ondol heating system communicating between human and home at anytime and in anyplace.

This study aims to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics and energy consumption in the wet and dry ondol systems. Conditions of the continued heating mode set the room temperature at 20℃ and hot water supply temperature at 60℃ and 70℃ for 3 days. The scheduled heating mode operates heating at 6～9am (room temperature at 20℃), suspends heating at 9～18pm (leaving mode), and runs heating at 1 8～24am (room temperature at 20℃) and 24～6am (room temperature at 17℃) for 2 days. The results from the continued heating mode in the dry/wet ondol systems confirmed that the dry and wet systems had the same average indoor temperature (18.9℃) and similar energy consumption. In addition, the results from the scheduled heating mode in the dry/wet ondol systems confirmed that the dry ondol system had lower energy consumption than the wet ondol system. Therefore, the scheduled heating mode in the dry ondol system is expected to reduce energy consumption.