토마토반점위조바이러스(TSWV)는 총채벌레가 매개하는 대표적인 바이러스로 고추 등 여러작물에서 심각 한 피해를 준다. 노지고추에서 토마토반점위조바이러스 발생 경감을 위한 총채벌레 방제시기를 설정하고자 시기별 총채벌레 발생량과 토마토반점위조바이러스병 발생량을 조사하였다. 2023년 전북 익산 노지 고추포장 에서 청색끈끈이트랩을 이용하여 총채벌레 발생량을 조사한 결과 4월 상순부터 채집되기 시작하여 5월 하순과 6월 하순에 발생최성기를 보였다. 반면 고추 꽃에서는 정식 2주후부터 꽃당 10마리 이상 관찰되었다. 토마토반점 위조바이러스병은 정식 30일 이후 증상이 발생하기 시작하여 빠르게 확산되는 경향이었다. 따라서 노지고추에 서 토마토반점위조바이러스병 경감을 위하여 총채벌레 방제를 활착 이후부터 시작하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단 되었다.

뿌리응애류는 양파, 마늘, 생강, 백합 등의 뿌리를 가해한다. 최근 백합재배지에서는 질경이모자이크바이러 스(Plantago asiatica mosaic virus, PLAMV)에 의한 잎의 괴사 피해가 확산되고 있다. 태안 백합재배지에서 PlAMV 가 감염된 백합을 채집하여 구근을 조사한 결과, 식물체 당 뿌리응애 100개체 이상이 발견되었으며 Rhizoglyphus robini로 동정되었다. 이 종이 PlAMV의 보독여부를 확인하기 위해 채집된 R. robini에서 RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR로 진단한 결과, 모든 개체에서 PlAMV가 확인되었다. 본 연구는 뿌리응애가 백합 구근 뿌리를 먹으면서 만든 상처를 통해 PlAMV가 전염될 수 있다는 가능성을 제시한다.

Chromosomal level genome draft was assembled using a Korean Diadegma fenestrale (Jeju strain, KJ09). This assembly was achieved through a combined approach utilizing Nanopore long-read sequencing (approximately 134X coverage) and Illumina NovaSeq short-read sequencing (approximately 83X coverage). The assembled genome spans 243 Mb, comprises 160 scaffolds, with most of the genome contained within 11 chromosomal level scaffolds. The completeness of the assembly is reflected in BUSCO assessment, with values reaching 99.6%. Gene annotation is not completed. A symbiotic virus, Diadegma fenestrale Ichnovirus (DfIV) genome revealed 62 non-overlapping circular DNA segments the aggregate genome size was approximately 240 kb. Although the frequency of DfIV genome integration into the host’s 11 chromosomes varies from 0 to 32%, it was confirmed that all 62 DfIV genome fragments were inserted into the host genome. A total of 123 ORFs were predicted from the DfIV genome and most of those were expressed in the host’s ovary. This result may be contradictory to existing theories, but we propose a new hypothesis that some genes possessed by viruses may play different roles depending on the type and state of the host. Additionally, this phenomenon can be considered in relation to coevolution with the hosts.

Over the course of two winters, the significant decline in honey bee populations in Korea has emerged as a major social issue. This phenomenon is expected as attributed to factors such as the failure of pest control due to the pesticide resistance of the Varroa mite. This mite can transmit some viruses that infect honey bees, and these viruses are among the primary causes of the globally occurring colony collapse disorder. Traditional diagnostic methods like (RT-)PCR and ELISA are not ideal for identifying pathogens that are newly emerging or have undergone mutations. To detect any novel or mutated viruses beyond those that have been primarily diagnosed in Korea, we introduced virome analysis technology in the field of honey bees. Employing this method with high-throughput sequencing techniques, we were able to identify all existing viruses within individual or group samples. We discovered that the Lake Sinai virus, which has been reported worldwide but not in Korea, has already significantly spread within the country. Additionally, we were able to confirm the prevalence of viruses previously reported in Korea, such as the recently dominant Black Queen Cell Virus. Through this virome analysis, we can provide foundational data for determining the direction and countermeasures for virus diagnosis.

The Republic of Korea has implemented an obligatory vaccination on major livestock breeds to prevent and eradicate nationwide foot and mouth disease (FMD) since the end of 2010. The government has executed massive serological survey to check the immune level of various herds after vaccination, and seropositive rates against FMD virus (FMDV) structural proteins can be measured to assess FMD immunity level. The purpose of this study is to investigate the FMDV serological level of every cattle breeding farm in the country and to determine whether there is a significant difference between groups classified by time, age, and management authority. A total of 5,781 serum samples was collected in 18 cattle breeding farms from 2020 to 2021, and the seropositive rates were measured using PrioCHECK FMDV Type O ELISA kit. Firstly, the cattle breeding farms were classified by which they are managed: the central government, the local government, and the private agency. Every management authority had a seropositive rate of 99.5% or higher. Secondly, the samples were divided into 6 to 12 months old, 12 to 24 months old, and 24 months or more. The 6 to 12 months old group in 2020 showed a significantly low seropositive rate of 98.1%, but it was improved by implementing the enhanced vaccination policy from 2021 to 100%. In summary, there are considerably high seropositive rates including all groups with time, age, and by which they are managed, which means the FMD vaccination in cattle breeding farms is well-managed.