The number of organic farms are increasing in European countries during last 10 years. Most European governments are giving subsidies for organic farmers as well as converting organic farms from conventional farming method. The price level of most organic products are higher than price level of conventional products in general. However, there are certainly some market demand problems in organic products in some countries. Organic farms will be increased in 2005 and 2010 for 10~20% of the total agricultural area in some European countries. Government subsidy payment is also increasing. Therefore, many farmers are going to change into organic farming method from conventional farming. However, there will be certainly some market demand problems in future because of national economic growth problems. At the same time, the quality of soil can be improved and status of health of urban consumers should be improved by consuming organic products.

The monthly water quality data measured at 14 stations located in the Geum-River watershed were clustered into 2 to 7 clusters. Furthermore, factor analyses were conducted on Gabcheon and Yugucheon to characterize the water quality, based on the information obtained from the results of cluster analysis. The results of cluster analysis show that the water quality characteristic of main stream of the Geum-River is somewhat different from that of substream of the Geum-River. Furthermore, the water quality characteristic of Gabcheon which is expected to have the most serious water quality problems in the Geum-River watershed shows the most different water quality characteristic from Yugucheon. Based on the factor loadings in each factor, Gabcheon and Yugucheon have their own water quality characteristics. This is mainly because of composite factors such as different population density, industrial activities, and land use conditions in Gabcheon and Yugucheon subwatersheds.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pollutions of water qualities in 30 water samples from Nakdong River, Western Nakdong River, and Suyoung Stream. COD, BOD, T-N and negative ions(F-, Cl- NO3-, SO42-) of water samples were analyzed and the correlationships between water qualities were examined. The mean concentrations of COD(20.26ppm), BOD(25.36ppm), and T-N(18.05ppm) were the highest in the water sample of Suyoung Stream among the three streams and those of F-(0.25ppm), Cl-(27.70ppm), and SO2-(37.66ppm) in Western Nakdong River, that of NO_3,(10.81ppm) in Nakdong River. The water quality of Suyoung Stream was the worst among the three streams in Pusan area. The correlationships between water qualities were as follows ; BOD and COD showed very high correlationship(correlation coefficient, r=0.97), SO42- and NO3- did high one(0.75), and NO3- and COD, BOD did relatively high ones(0.56 and 0.48, respectively).

개상사화의 종자발아촉진(種子發芽促進)을 위하여 종피제거(種皮除去), 배유(胚乳)의 일부절제(切除)와 xylene처리(處理), 생장조정제(生長調整劑)와 화학약품처리(化學藥品處理) 및 저온처리(低溫處理)를 실시(實施)하여 파종 4개월후 발아 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 종피제거(種皮除去)는 무제거(無除去)에 비해 발아율(發芽率)을 높일 수 있었고 특히 종피제거(種皮除去)+xylene처리(處理) 는 63%의 발아율을 얻었다. 2. GA3는 kinetin 처리(處理)보다 효과적(效果的)이었고 특히 GA3 200ppm에서 60%의 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었다. 3. KNO3는 KOH 처리(處理)보다 효과적(效果的)이었으며 특히 KNO3는 0. 1% 처리(處理)에서 76%의 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었다. 4. 종자(種子)를 5℃ 1개월(個月) 저온처리후(低溫處理後) 파종(播種)한 발아율(發芽率)은 77%, 2개월(個月) 처리(處理)는 93%, 3개월(個月) 83%, 4개월(個月) 80%로 5℃ 저온(低溫) 2개월(個月) 처리후(處理後) 파종(播種)에서 가장 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 나타내었다.