Fluorenylidene chalcone derivatives were synthesized by condensation. The structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of UV, melting point, IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The nucleophilic addition reaction kinetics of Thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was investigate by UV in 20% dioxane-H2O at 25℃. The rate equation which were applied over a wide pH1.0~13.0 range. On the basis of general base catalysis and confirmation of addition reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion reaction kinetics of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone were measured by the pH change. From the result of the above caption, a plausible nucleophilic addition reaction mechanism of thioglycolic acid to fluorenylidene chalcone was proposed. These compounds may be used as the starting materials for the preparation of the engineering plastics or the germicide.

Furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives were synthesis, it was measured that hydrolysis made use of UV at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 30% dioxane-H2O solution, 25±1℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, confirmation of hydrolysis products, it was measured the reaction rate of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives for the pH change. It maybe concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion : Above pH 10.0, It was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion, a part having no concern with pH was added to the neutral H2O molecule. From the result of measurement the reaction rate, hydrolysis of furfurylidene acetophenone derivatives confirmed to the irreversible first order. Through measurement the substituent effect, It found that reaction rate was accelerated by electron attracting group. Also, From the result of final product, There were furfural and acetophenone. On the basis of these findings, Hydrolysis for the furfurylidene acetophenone derivative was proposed a fitting mechanisms.

키토산에 acylation을 하여 acylate된 키토산을 합성하였으며 이 acylate된 키토산을 trough 위에 spreading하여 π-A curve를 얻었다. 이 π-A curve로부터 glucose unit 당의 제한 면적을 계산할 수 있었으며 온도에 따른 π-A curve의 변화도 측정하였다. 또한 유리판을 수평적으로 접하는 방법으로 이 단분자막을 유리판 위에 transfer할 수 있었다.

The Kinetics velocity for hydrolysis reaction of vanillylidene imine derivatives has been measured by ultra-violet ray spectrophotometer in 20wt% dioxane-H2O at 25℃. It was measured the reaction rate Constant of vanillylidene imine derivatives that can be applied widely following to pH-change at 25℃. Final products that hydrolyzed the vanillylidene imine certified in vanillin and aniline derivative, and the effect of substitution radical that has affected on hydrolysis reaction was largely promoted to reaction rate by electron attrating group in acidity and electron donoring group in basic. From the results of rate constant to hydrolysis reaction, substituent radical effect and final products. It has certified the hydrolysis reaction mechanism of vanillylidene imine derivatives.

Benzoyl styrene derivatives were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation. It was measured that nucleophilic addition of thiourea for benzoyl styrene made use of ultraviolet spectrophotometery at a wide pH 1.0~13.0 range in 5% dioxane-H2O at 40℃. On the basis of general base catalysis, substitutent effect, and confirmation of addtion reaction product, the nucleophilic addtion kinetics of thiourea for benzoylstyrene derivatives were measured by pH change. It maybe concluded that a part was unrelated to pH and another part was in proportion to concentration of hydroxide ion : Above pH 10.0. It was in propotion to concentration of hydroxide ion, a part having no concern with pH was added to the neutral thiourea molecule. From the results of measurement the reaction rate and there findings, nucleophilic addition of thiourea to benzoylstyrene derivative was proposed a fitting mechanism.

The rate constant of Nucleophilic addition of sodium thiophenoxide to nitrone were determined by UV Spectrophotometry and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range was obtained. Base on the rate equation, general base effect, substituent effect and final product, plausible mechanism of addition reaction have been proposed. Blow pH 3.0, the reaction was initiated of thiophenol, and in the range of pH 3.0~10.0, proceeded by the competitive addition of thiophenol and thiophenoxide anion. Above the pH 10.0, the reaction proceeded through the addition of a thiophenoxide anion.

The rate constant of the nucleophilic addition of 1-propanethiol to α-phenyl-N-iso-propylnitrone derivatives were determined at various pH and a rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range is obtained. Final product of the addition reaction was α-thiopropyl-p-phenylbenzylideneamine. Base on the rate equation, general base effect, substituent effect and final product, plausible mechanism of addition reaction have been proposed. Below pH 3.0, the reaction was initiated by the addition of 1-propanthiol, and in the range of pH 3.0-10.0, proceeded by the competitive addition of 1-propanethiol and propanethiolate. Above the pH 10.0, the reaction proceeded through the addition of propanethiolate.

2염기성 산의 모노메틸에스테르류와 에틸렌디아민을 반응시켜 얻은 아미도아민 유도체류를 고급지방산 염화물로 아실화하여 N-아실 아미도에틸 N-아미도카르복시산 유도체 9종을 합성하였다. 카르복시기와 디아미드기 그리고 소수성의 긴 알칼사슬을 갖는 모든 반응생성물들은 얇은 막 크로마토그래피와 컬럼크로마토그래피로 분리 · 정제하였다. 합성 수율은 74~87%였으며 그들의 구조를 FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 그리고 원소 분석으로 확인하였다.

N-아실 아미도에틸 N-아미도 카르복시산 유도체들의 물리적 특성과 계면성이 연구되었다. 묽은 용액의 표면장력은 22~32dyne/cm의 값을 나타냈으며 이들 cmc의 범위는 0.8~6.0mmol/L이었다. 표면장력 저하능은 소수성의 알칼사슬이 길어질수록 그리고 카르복시기와 아미드기 사이의 메틸렌기의 수가 감소할수록 증가하였다. 반응생성물의 구조와 계면성의 관계를 비교 · 검토한 바 온화한 Krafft point와 뛰어난 습윤성, 낮은 기포력을 나타내었다.

각종 세정제의 난용 및 과대 사용으로 인한 수질오염이 날로 심각해지고 있으며 이 때 수질오염의 원인은 주로 계면활성제에 의해 발생한다. 본 연구는 이미 다졸린으로부터 유도된 9종의 양쪽성계면활성제와 석유 화학물질로부터 제조하여 대량 사용하고 있는 sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS)에 대한 세정성을 비교하여 보다 우수한 계면활성제를 선정하고자 한다. 또한 세정성의 비교는 세정력의 측정과 세정에 관한 물리화학적 측면에서 그 원인을 규명하고자 한다. 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-(3-sulfonatedropy)-2-undecyl-2-imidazolinum [IV]는 세정성 및 다른 기초적 물성이 우수하여 세정제에 응용할 경우 세정성이 우수한 계면활성제 일수록 오염 부착에 필요한 일이 적게 나타나 오염이 쉽게 제거될 수 있음을 증명하였으며 그로 인한 공업적 응용성에 기대가 크다.

The Hydrolysis kinetics of Benzoyl Styrene Derivatives[I]~[IV] was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 5% dioxane-H2O at 40℃. The structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, melting point, IR and NMR spectra. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH range (pH 1.0~13.0) were obtained. The substituent effects on Benzoyl styrene derivatives[I]~[IV] were studied, and the hydrolysis were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the basis of the rate equation and substitutent effect and final product, the plausible hydrolysis reaction mechanism was proposed: At pH 1.0~pH 9.0, not relevant to the hydrogenl ion concentration, neutral H2O molecule competitively attacked on the double bond. By contrary. Above pH 9.0, It was proportional to concentration of hydroxidel ion.

1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazoline[I] was converted into various types of sulfonated or sulfated amphoteric surfactants as following. 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-(3-sulfonatedpropyl)-2-undecyl-2-imidazolium[III] 1-(2-sulfatedethyl)-1-methyl-2-undecyl-2-imidazolium[IV] 1-dioxylethylene methyl sulfonated-1-methyl-2-undecyl-2-imidazoliun[V] N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(3-sulfonatedpropylammonio]ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VI] Mono sodium N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-disulfonatedpropylammonio]ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VII] N-[N'-(2-hydroxyethyl-N'-(2-hydroxypropl-N'(3-sulfonatedpropyl)ammonio] ethyl dodecanoyl amide[VIII] The alkylimidazolines could be readily hydrolyzed to give amidoamines, but by quaternerization, hydrolysis stability of imidazoline and amide type amphoteric surfactantes were increased in the alkali and acid conditions. Also, at least three carbon chains introduce to the main group, water solubility was sparingly increased.

All the activities and physical properties including surface tension' foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying power, dispersion effect of 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-alkylammonio)-2-hydroxyY-1-propane sulfonate (HSB)류와 3-CN-alkylamidopropyl-N,N-dimethylamm-onjo)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate (APSB) aquous solution were measured and critical micelle concentration was evaluated. Their cmc of hydroxy sulfobetaine derivatives evaluated by the surface tension method was 1.0×10-3~1.0×10-4 mol/l, and surface tension of the aquous solution was decreased to 27~38dyne/cm. The experimental results for foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying power in liquid paraffin showed a good surface active properties, especially, dispersion effect in ferric oxide exhibited some efficient surface active properties, and then it would be expected to application as detergent and dispersion agent.

In order to review industrial application of amphoteric surfactants, new types of hydroxy sulfobetaine, 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-dimethyl-N-alkylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate and 3-(N, N-dimethyl N-acylammonio)-2-hydroxy-1-propane sulfonate were prepared by the reaction of quaternized sodium 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-propane sulfonate with N, N-dimethyl-N-alkylamine and N, N-dimethyl N-acylamido propylamine that have a straight chain radical of 12, 18 carbon atoms respectively in the presence of alkali catalyst. All the reaction products could be separated by means of column and thin layer chromatography, and the yields of all products ranged in 85~90%, the structure of them could be confirmed from IR and 1H-NMR spectra.

고분자 전해질의 화학구조가 감습특성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위하여 C1~ C12의 알킬,benzy1, 2,2-diethoxy dthy1기가 치환된 메타크릴계 4차 암모늄 단량체들을 합성하였다. 이들의 감습용액을 0.15mm간격의 빗살 모양의 금전극이 인쇄된 알루미나 기판에 마이크로 주사기로 도포하여 광중합 후 상대습도에 따른 임피던스 변화를 측정하였다. 도포된 막의 두께가 증가하면 임피던스는 감소하고, 치환기의 탄소 길이가 증가할수록 임피던스는 증가하였다. C6~ C8의 알킬기를 가지는 고분자 전해질의 감습특성은 30-90% RH 범위에서 18MΩ-5KΩ의 직선적인 임피던스 변화를 보였다. 또한 임피던스는 온도 의존성을 보여주며 온도가 증가하면 임피던스가 감소하며 온도 의존성 계수는 -0,45% RH/˚C이다. 히스테리시스는 ±2%RH이내이며, 33%-85% RH 사이에서의 응답 속도는 약 35sec이었다.

The Surfactants composed of acylated aterocollagen which is produced by the acylation of the side chain amino radicals of aterocollagen with an aliphatic acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms will be discussed in this study. This condensation is done at moderate reaction temperature (〈25℃) in aqueous alkaline solution. The products of this reaction were identified by UV/VIS spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy. For these compounds, surface active properties and physical properties including isoelectric point, Krafft point, surface tension, critical micelle concentration(cmc), foaming power, viscosity behaviour, water holding capacity, skin irritation and emulsifying power were measured respectively. The experimental results received that the products have a good emulsifying power, excellent water holding capacity while having low skin irritation. Thus, these derivatives will be expected to be used as an emulsifying agent for O/W type cosmetic emulsion.

The hydrolysis reaction kinetics of 2-thienyl chalcone derivatives [II]~[V] was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometery in 20% dioxane-H2O at 25℃ and the structure of these compounds were ascertained by means of ultraviolet, infrared and NMR spectra. The rate equations which were applied over a wide pH range(pH 1.0~13.0) were obtained. The substituent effects on 2-thienyl chalcone derivatives[II]~[V] were studied, and the hydrolysis were facilitated by electron attracting groups. On the basis of the rate equation, substitutent effect and final product, the plausible hydrolysis reaction mechanism was proposed : At pH 1.0~9.0, not relevant to the hydrogen ion concentration, neutral H2O molecule competitvely attacked on the double bond. By contraries, above pH 9.0, it was proportional to concentration of hydroxide ion.

The kinetics of the addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives(X : H, p-Br, p-CH3 m-CH3, p-OCH3) was investigated using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 20%(v/v) dioxane-H2O at 25℃. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range(pH 1.0~13.0) was obtained. In order to investigate the substituent effects of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives. Hammett constant was plotted. As the result, the rate of uncleophilic addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives was facilitated by electron donating group. It was found that addition of neutral thiourea which was not dissociated at the pH 1.0~9.0 was proceeded, the reaction was proceeded by addition of dissociated anion of thiourea above the pH 10.0. On the basis of this kinetic study, the reaction mechanism of nucleophilic addition of thiourea was investigated.

Contents of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-vitamin D3 in marine animal products(20 species) were determined by HPLC. The isomers of vitamin D, D2 and D3, were not clearly separated on a reversed phase, μ Bonda Pak, with 20% methanol-acetonitrile, and on a normal phase, Zorbax SIL. with 0.4% isopropanol-hexane, but 25-OH-vitamin D2 and-D3 were separated on either μ Bonda Pak with 10% methanol-acetonitrile, or on Zorbax SIL with 2.2% isopropanol-hexane, respectively. Although levels of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-vitamin D3 varied remarkably according to species, their average value(fish : l,l87sim36,007 I.U/sample 100g, mussel : 58~1,706 I.U/sample 100g, pickle: 1,208~79,358 I.U/sample 100g) was greatly higher than that of meat(80~100 I.U/sample 100g) and dairy products(400~800 I.U/sample 100g). Fatty tissues of fish and pickled fish intestines contained high level of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-vitamin D3, while the clam and mussel known to have various kinds of sterol including δ7-sterol showed very low levels of vitamin D3 and its derivative.