As the competition in the liner shipping industry is becoming fiercer, the shipping company is trying to find the way to keep the best competitive position by reducing the cost level as low as possible and offering the best quality of service to their customer. In order to achieve this goal, the selection of port and terminal that have the best quality of service and cost effective structure is essential for the shipping line, where they can only have a chance to save the money. In this context, the paper compares three European container terminals in order to understand the factors that have to be considered in the decision making process for the selection of terminal. And its advantages and disadvantages of each type of container terminal operation system were analyzed from the liner shipping company's point of view in terms of cost, time, flexibility, stability, hinterland connection, geographical position and terminal productivity. It is obvious that the cost factors are very important for liner shipping company to select their terminal. However, there might be even more important factors than the cost factors, such as quality of port and terminal service, mutual trust, and possibility of future development.

Joong-Sun Sohn. 2000. Ergativity in Proto-Indo-European. Studies in Modern Grammar 20, 97-109. Most Indo-European languages display the nominative-accusative grammatical pattern. It has been suggested by some linguists, however, that PIE had passed through a stage which exhibited an ergative case pattern in a certain type of NPs. Based on the accumulation of knowledge about ergative languages in the world so far, this paper examines the ergative theories of PIE and show that, in general, they are typologically untenable. One possibility which is typologically tenable is that in pre-historical times animate pronouns and nouns exhibited the ergative pattern, but neuter or inanimate nouns had a single non-distinct form for the three functions (transitive and intransitive subject and transitive object), which is attested in IE.

Environmental problems emerged as common global problems awaiting solution. Active collaborative efforts are required of nations and communities in order to solve environmental problems effectively. International collaboration occurs much more commonly these days than before, and European Community(EC) mumber countries are no exceptions. EC has established and executed the five-year programs on Environmental Policy Implementation, which explicated basic principles for environmental policy development, since 1973. EC programs tend to emphasize that the direction of the policies should reflect a change from a remedial approach to a preventive approach. Those programs have brought an awareness of the importance of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) to EC member countries. France installed an EIA system in 1976, which was the first among member countries. Several other member countries also established a system. EC decided that a common guideline was necessary, and therefore formulated the "European Community Guideline for Environmental Impact Assessment" in 1985. All member countries were required to legislate an EIA system within three years, according to the Guideline. This study will conduct a comparative analysis of the current EIA systems of different EC member countries. The findings of this study will provide helpful information on how to improve the efficacy of the Korean system.

The European expansion in the later middle age, as Adam Smith stated, influenced greatly on development of the world history. In the various events of the European expansion the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus is very important because the effect of the discovery of the New World have still continued to the present. I have interested to find out the reason why the western civilization has seized on the hegemony of the world over other civilizations. As many scholars pointed out, the most distinguished difference between the western civilization and other civilizations is that the western civilization was maritime-oriented, while other civilization were continental-oriented. So I set up the maritime histoy on the theme of my study in order to ruminate upon meaning of the se-power that is one of the motivating forces to drive histoy. Maritime history is not simply about that is maritime affairs, but a branch of history that inquires into inter-relations between maritime affairs and inland affairs. Maritime history constitutes of history of naval war, history of shipping and history of marine development. As above reasons, I have interested the European expansion in the later middle age that maritime activity was the most vigorous in the history. This is a case study to compose maritime history.