The bacterial community structure in biological activated carbon (BAC) process in drinking water treatment plant was investigated by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe. Samples were collected at different three points in BAC process every month for one year. They were hybridized with a probe specific for the alpha, beta, gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria, Cytophaga- Flavobacteria group and Gram-positive high G+C content (HGC) group. Total numbers of bacteria in BAC process counted by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were 5.4×1010 (top), 4.0×1010 (middle) and 2.8×1010 cells/ml (bottom). The number of the culturable bacteria was from 1.0×107 to 3.6×107 cells/ml and the culturability was about 0.05%. The faction of bacteria detectable by FISH with the probe EUB338 was about 83% of DAPI counts. Gamma and alpha subclass of the class Proteobacteria were predominant in BAC process and their ratios were over 20% respectively. In top and middle, alpha, beta and gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria competed with each other and their percentages was changed according to the season. In bottom, gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria was predominant all through the year. It could be successfully observed the seasonal distribution of bacterial community in biological activated carbon process using FISH.

In this research, we investigated the newly conceptualizing process about the term 'Hybrid', which implicates novel definitions in various areas. 'Hybrid' has been defined plant-sociologically to be worldwide culture which pursues de-individuality, de-territory and de-area. We investigated why and how 'Hybrid' as a plant-sociological meaning could be related with the development of human culture and furthermore the development of modern culture in the world. For initial basic characterization, we identified the semantical definition of 'Hybrid'. We confirmed that the term 'Hybrid' was being extensively utilized in accordance with the dynamic change of time period. The meaning of 'Hybrid' undergoes a remarkable change from generation and creation of a material to creativity. Secondly, 'Hybrid' as a plant community term includes diverse variables : 'hybrid vigor' vs 'inbreeding depression', 'natural selection' vs 'artificial selection' and 'mutation' vs 'Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in a group' should be considered systematically as well as simultaneously. We found an advanced level of evolution in the appearance of 'Hybrid' and its interaction with others. Finally, we proved that all the creation and uniqueness, things and surroundings, life and death, dominance and recessiveness, natural selection and artificial selection, the steps of evolution and so on, are going together in the time that they characterize the beneficial and complete reversion of modernity. The cultural evolution is a continuity of the biological evolution in the other dimension, and the base of the future evolution should also result from the continuity of the cultural and the biological evolution.