The paper aims to identify place names in illustration titles in John Nieuhoff’s An Embassy from the East-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China (English in 1669, Dutch in 1665). Nieuhoff’s text was very popular with the 17th century European public. After its first publication in Dutch it was translated into French, German, Latin and English and reprinted fourteen times in many European countries. In particular, his illustrations were highly appreciated because they provided realistic and vivid images of China to Europeans at a time when there had been little information about China. It had a great influence on the fever for Chinese style in Europe in the 18th century. Nieuhoff’s illustrations were frequently applied to everyday painted objects such as furniture, screens, wallpaper, textiles, and dishes. About 80% of illustrations present scenery in the area where the Dutch embassy anchored or passed by on their journey from Guangdong to Beijing. However, the place names which were transliterated into Dutch and other European languages are a major obstacle for following Nieuhoff’s travelogue. It is not easy to infer the Chinese regional names from either the Dutch or the English text. Therefore, the paper identifies Chinese regions in the text by mainly comparing Nieuhoff’s information and transliteration with Martino Martini’s Novus Atlas Sinensis (1655).

“Tuan Feng” (摶風) is first seen in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and which is formed by allusions “Tuan Fuyao” (摶扶搖) in Xiao Yao You of Zhuang Zi, and which is first called “Wuyi” (屋翼) in the Tang Dynasty. Since the Warring States period, the words “Zhuan” (專) and “Fu” (尃) have been sometimes confused because of their proximity. Therefore, there has always been a dispute between “Tuan” (摶) and “Bo” (搏) about “Tuan Fuyao” in the literature after Wei and Jin Dynasties. Affected by this, “Tuan Feng” which represents the “Wuyi” is often falsely referred to as “Bo Feng” (搏風) in the literature. This paper makes a textual research on the allusions referring to “Wuyi” as “Tuan Feng” rather than “Bo Feng” from the aspects of the differentiation and correction of “Tuan Fuyao” in the allusion, the naming rationale of “Wuyi” as “Tuan Feng” and the structure, component name, function and use of “Wuyi” in ancient wooden buildings.

Due to the long history of ancient documents which have been subject to the continuous copying and engraving, many errors have been made. Many of the words have lost their original appearance, which has increased the difficulty of collation and interpretation today. Zhebi Jieshou (折臂接手) and Yinshou Ruduan (銀手如斷) are respectively extracted from the two important documents in the Western Han Dynasty, Jiao’s Yilin 《焦氏易林》 and Dadai Liji 《大戴禮記》. We mainly use different methods such as the mutual proof verification to explore the original word and meanings of the two words.

The grapheme of the Chinese character “Xiao (owl)” has been studied by some ancient experts and contemporary scholars, and they have proposed two different viewpoints. Some hold an opinion that “Xiao” represents the head of a bird on a tree, while others propose that it expresses a bird on a tree. It is difficult to draw a final conclusion. Nevertheless, the present researches using the unearthed literature corpus and the handed down documents corpus to analyze the character form of “Xiao” show that it represents the head of a bird on a tree. In addition, worshipping “Xiao” and offering sacrifices of “Xiao” to Gods or ancestors in Shang Dynasty provide another evidence that “Xiao” represents the head of a bird on a tree. These materials also show that the motivation of word-making of “Xiao” was derived from the ancient event of offering sacrifices, in which the bird was dismembered and suspended on a tree on Summer Solstice Day.

산화물 초전도체에 있어서 고천이 임계온도를 갖는 미소영역을 추출하여 이를 분석하기 위하여 La-Ba-Cu-O 계, Y-Ba-Cu-O 계 및 Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O 계의 초전도체를 고상법 및 nitrate solution method로 제조하였다. 제조된 시료들에 대해서 x선회절분석과 저항을 측정하였다. 이들 시료 중에서 고천이온도를 나타내는 미소부분을 Meissner효과를 이용한 추출법으로 분리 해내고 EDAX로 이를 분석하였으며, 이들 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. nitrate solution method를 적용하면 YBCO계에 있어서 비교적 단시간에 치밀한 미세조직을 갖는 천이 온도 90K의 초전도체를 제조할 수 있다. Meissner효과를 이용하여 고천이온도에서 추출해낸 미소영역의 EDAX분석 결과는 고상법을 사용한 YBCO-23S와 nitrate solution method으로 제조한 YBCO-23N 및 YBCO-36N 에서는 초기의 조성과 거의 같았으며, 고천이 온도에서 추출된 미소영역은 조성보다는 산소 결함의 차이에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 공침법으로 제조한 YBCO-23NA 에서는 과도한 Ba의 조성을 보였으며, 천이온도 100K 인 Bi계에서는 약한 반자성효과 때문에 추출이 불가능하였다.

Based on literature reviews, it was found that the dynamic increase factor, which is defined as the ratio of the dynamic strength to the static strength, is clearly dependent on specimen size, types, and experimental methods. It is expected that the proposed dynamic increase factor is significantly useful for numerical analysis of concrete behavior subjected to blast or impact.