Ischemia that causes stroke induces inflammation of brain cells and apoptosis and as a result, it influences much on the functional part of a man. The needle electrode electrical stimulation (NEES) that combines acupuncture of oriental medicine with electric therapy of western medicine relieves inflammation of cells and has effect on regrowth of nerve tissues. This study was conducted to verify the influence of NEES on the occurrence of c-Fos of cerebrum after applying NEES to the meridian point, Zusanli (ST 36) of a rats with induced ischemia. Global ischemia was induced by using ligation method on common carotid artery of male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The ligation was maintained for 5 minutes and then suture was removed for blood reperfusion. After inducing global ischemia, NEES was done to the left and right meridian points of Joksamri of a rat for 30 minutes after 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours. The findings were as follows. 1. In the result of immunohistochemical method, the number of c-Fos immune response cells significantly decreased (P<.05) in NEES group than the control group (GI) that did not get NEES. 2. In the result of western blotting, the occurrence of c-Fos after 24 hours from the inducement of ischemia significantly decreased (P<.05) in NEES group than the control group (GI) that did not get NEES. Therefore, as the effect of NEES was shown highest after 24 hours from the ischemia, it is suspected that NEES would take important role in early treatment after cerebral stroke.

In traditional Korean and Chinese medicine, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) for the treatment of centralnervous system-related symptoms such as tremor, seizure, stroke and epilepsy. We investigated the effects of safflower couldinfluence cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal and cognitive impairments. Administration of safflower for 1 day(200㎎/㎏ body weight, p.o.) increased the survival of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after transient global brainischemia. And neurological functions measured as short term memory. Post-treatment with safflower for 2 times decreasedthe induction/reduction - induced production of neuronal cell loss from global cerebral ischemia. Safflower markedlydecreased neuronal cell death and also caused a decrease in the content of thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances(TBARS) (55.2±9.4µmol mg-¹) and significant improvement of activities of glutathione (GSH) (27.2±5.0µmol mg-¹) inhippocampus. We conclude that treatment with safflower attenuated learning and memory deficits, and neuronal cell lossinduced by global cerebral ischemia. These results suggest that safflower may be a potential candidate for the treatment ofvascular dementia.

이 연구의 목적은 문제해결력과 창의력을 향상시키기 위한 문제기반 전뇌학습 모형을 개발하여 ‘자동화설비’ 수업에서 적용한 후 문제해결력과 창의력에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위하여 문헌연구 분석 후 도출된 이론과 시사점을 통해 자동화설비 과목에서 문제기반 전뇌학습 수업 모형 및 프로그램 개발하였다. 개발된 수업 모형과 프로그램은 뇌교육 전문가와 공업교육 전문가의 타당화 검증을 거친 후 현장 적용을 통해 문제해결력과 창의력에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 이 연구를 통해 밝혀진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문제기반 전뇌학습 프로그램은 전통적인 실습수업(M=24.36)에 비해 문제해결력의 사후검사 결과 실험집단의 평균점수(M=27.55)가 향상되었으며, 특히, ‘문제 제시(t=2.075, p<.05)', '문제 정의(t=2.289, p<0.05)', '아이디어 생성(t=0.811, p<0.05)' 영역에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 이는 자동화설비 수업의 문제해결력 향상을 위해 문제기반 전뇌학습 프로그램이 수업에 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 실험 집단의 모둠 구성에 따른 산출물의 창의성 검사 결과 전뇌집단(M=4.86, SD=1.53)이 우뇌집단(M=4.17, SD=1.45)과 좌뇌집단(M=4.37, SD=1.07)에 비해 창의력 평가의 하위 영역인 ‘참신성’, ‘실용성’, ‘정교성과 종합성’의 모든 영역에서 높게 나왔으나 통계적으로 유의미한 차이는 없었다(F=.484, p>.05). 이는 효과적인 창의력 향상을 위해 협동학습의 모둠 구성시 뇌우세성 판별에 따른 전뇌집단으로의 구성이 고려되어야 함을 알 수 있다.