This paper aims to study the modeling and controller of an electrically driven tractor optimized for energy efficiency under off-road conditions and when subjected to loads such as plowing. The dynamic model design is aimed at a 30kW electric tractor. The vehicle model consists of a 30kW motor, transmission, wheels, and a controller, designed using the commercial software Matlab/Simulink. In order to optimize energy efficiency under load conditions, this paper designs and implements a PID controller focusing on the vehicle's speed and wheel slip. The newly proposed electric tractor modeling and PID controller aim to demonstrate improved energy efficiency through simulation.

As most infrastructure have low natural frequency for vibration, an energy harvester to operate wireless sensors for them should be aimed to low frequency and have high output efficiency. This study proposes the energy harvester with parallel-connected single crystal ceramic for low frequency in order to gain enhanced efficiency. The performance is confirmed by the experiment using the acceleration data of hangers in Yeongjong Bridge.

Even though installing measuring device for safe structure became duty because of structures’ becoming larger, the battery replacement of sensor node is difficult when it is hard to approach such as specific bridges. This study was done for the examination of the activating possibility wire accelerometer after converting vibration energy occurred from sine wave (±0.2g) to electric energy with cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester when it vibrates continuously.