In recent years, the research of 3D mapping technique in urban environments obtained by mobile robots equipped with multiple sensors for recognizing the robot’s surroundings is being studied actively. However, the map generated by simple integration of multiple sensors data only gives spatial information to robots. To get a semantic knowledge to help an autonomous mobile robot from the map, the robot has to convert low-level map representations to higher-level ones containing semantic knowledge of a scene. Given a 3D point cloud of an urban scene, this research proposes a method to recognize the objects effectively using 3D graph model for autonomous mobile robots. The proposed method is decomposed into three steps: sequential range data acquisition, normal vector estimation and incremental graph-based segmentation. This method guarantees the both real-time performance and accuracy of recognizing the objects in real urban environments. Also, it can provide plentiful data for classifying the objects. To evaluate a performance of proposed method, computation time and recognition rate of objects are analyzed. Experimental results show that the proposed method has efficiently in understanding the semantic knowledge of an urban environment.

A map of complex environment can be generated using a robot carrying sensors. However, representation of environments directly using the integration of sensor data tells only spatial existence. In order to execute high-level applications, robots need semantic knowledge of the environments. This research investigates the design of a system for recognizing objects in 3D point clouds of urban environments. The proposed system is decomposed into five steps: sequential LIDAR scan, point classification, ground detection and elimination, segmentation, and object classification. This method could classify the various objects in urban environment, such as cars, trees, buildings, posts, etc. The simple methods minimizing time-consuming process are developed to guarantee real-time performance and to perform data classification on-the-fly as data is being acquired. To evaluate performance of the proposed methods, computation time and recognition rate are analyzed. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has efficiency in fast understanding the semantic knowledge of a dynamic urban environment.

This paper presents a robust lane detection algorithm based on RGB color and shape information during autonomous car control in realtime. For realtime control, our algorithm increases its processing speed by employing minimal elements. Our algorithm extracts yellow and white pixels by computing the average and standard deviation values calculated from specific regions, and constructs elements based on the extracted pixels. By clustering elements, our algorithm finds the yellow center and white stop lanes on the road. Our algorithm is insensitive to the environment change and its processing speed is realtime-executable. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our algorithm.