동양에서는 예부터 東西南北中의 五方관념이 있었다. 오방관념은 漢 代(BC 3세기~AD3세기)이후 陰陽五行說의 영향을 받아, 각 방향에는 의미하는 바가 있게 되었다. 오방 중에서도 동쪽은 계절로는 봄, 색깔로는 청색을 가리켰는데, 이는 생성·생명이라는 ‘吉祥한’ 의미로 해석되었다. 이러한 관념은 우리나라불교에 영향을 주어서 불교문헌에도 나타나게 되었다. 예를 들어 조선시대의 『儒釋質疑論』에서는 ‘석가모니가 4월 8일에 탄생한 것은 봄에 나무가 생장하는 것과 같으며, 이는 『周易』 의 원리에 부합된다’고 주장하였다. 한편 佛敎東漸史觀이란 ‘불교는 인도에서 발생하여 점점 동쪽으로 전해진다’고 하는 학설로서, 실제로 대승불교는 인도→중국→한국→일본으로 전래되었으므로 틀린 말은 아니다. 그러나 불교동점사관은 후대에 와서 ‘우리나라야말로 불국토이고 동아시아불교의 중심지이다’고 하는 自國중심의 불교사관을 낳았다. 그 중의 하나가 羅末麗初에 우리나라에서 유행했던 佛法東流說이다. 불법동류설이란 ‘중국에서 불교가 쇠퇴하는 대신, 우리나라가 그것을 이어 동아시아불교의 중심지가 된다’고 하는 주장이다. 그런데 이 불법동류설은 역사적 사실이 아니며, 중국에는 이러한 기록이 존재하지 않는다. 나말여초에 우리나라에서 불법동류설이 유행한 이유는 두 가지가 있을 것이다. 첫째는 會昌廢佛(841~846)로 인해 중국불교가 쇠퇴한 것과, 둘째는 우리나라가 스스로를 海東· 靑丘라고 해서 東國임을 자처했기 때문이다. 예부터 동쪽은 길상한 이미지를 가졌기 때문에, ‘불교는 동쪽으로 전해진다’고 하는 불교동점사관이 불법동류설을 부추겼을 것 이라 생각된다.

This thesis is to analyze the origin and transformation of the official building registers of Korean traditional temples, and also to suggest the amendment of their wrong archives. Especially, this study is to examine these subjects focused on Beomeo-sa which has maintained fine registers. The results are as follow; 1. In Chosun Dynasty, the Ip-an had been used, and in the period of Daehan-Empire, the Ga-gei had been used as each official registers for the common buildings. The other hand, the lists of properties and the legal registers had been used as official registers for the temple buildings between 1911 and 1962. 2. The current official building registers have been firstly recorded under <Building Law> in 1962. At that time, the current official registers have been also recorded for the Buddhist temple buildings. 3. Most of the official building registers of Buddhist temples are incomplete. Especially, these have usually the indistinct building names and wrong building areas. These were mainly caused by direct copying of the old registers recorded in 1956, the period of Buddhist confusion. Furthermore, the registers have been poorly operated by monks and offices. 4. Therefore, the registers has to be corrected as follow; The omitted buildings have to be added and the duplicated buildings have to be removed in the summary heading registers. The indistinct building names recorded in 1956 have to be correct into actual proper building names. The wrong building areas recorded in 1956 have to be correct into actual measurement building areas.

In this research traditional Buddhist dietary life style was studied as an alternative for both saving water and decreasing water pollution from household. A traditional dietary life style for the Buddhist monks, called Balwoo Gongyang, and its modernized one for citizens, called Dish Gongyang were examined with water use amount, wastewater quality and pollutant loading rate, and were compared with the kitchen wastewater from household. And several types of natural detergent were also examined to compare their effect on the wastewater quality and pollutant loading rate. This research was carried out using the wastewater from Balwoo and Dish Gongyang in J building located in Seoul. Wastewater generation from Balwoo Gongyang that was about 1.0 ℓ/capita/day was very low compare to that from dish washing in normal household(32.6 ℓ/capita/day). In case of Dish Gongyang, water generation was 1.8 times higher than that from Balwoo Gongyang, but it was just 1/19.2 of normal household. When the wastewater quality of Balwoo Gongyang was compared with the kitchen wastewater of normal household, SS was 1/16(15 mg/ℓ), COD was 1/7(22.1 mg/ℓ), BOD was 1/9(24.1 mg/ℓ) and T-N was 1/16(1.7 mg/ℓ). Pollutant loading rate from Balwoo Gongyang was very low, COD 18.0 mg/capita/day, SS 12.3 mg/capita/day and it was 1/290, 1/639 of that from dish washing wastewater from normal household, respectively. Pollutant loading rate from Dish Gongyang was also low 1/13(SS)∼1/144(TN) compared to dish washing wastewater from normal household. As a natural detergent, used water from washing rice showed very low pollutant loading rate. It was concluded that Dish Gongyang that was a modernized and simplified dietary life style of Balwoo Gongyang, was very eco-friendly. Especially when it was combined with natural detergents using by-product from cooking process, its effect on the water pollution was very low.