The defensive system of the Jilin General’s jurisdiction during the Qing dynasty was the key to maintaining long-term stability in the northeastern frontier. Based on a systematic review of historical sources, this paper analyzes the system from three dimensions: institutions, spatial organization, and dynamic evolution. Rooted in defensive thought and core principles, the system constructed a hierarchical spatial structure centered on the Jilin garrison city, with other garrison cities at various levels forming its supporting framework, and integrated them into an organic whole through an efficient and interconnected courier-road network. Furthermore, the defensive focus of this system was not static; rather, it dynamically adjusted as external threats waxed and waned, moving from Ningguta as the frontier in the early Qing Dynasty, to Jilin as the core in the mid-Qing Dynasty, and then to Hunchun in the late Qing Dynasty, where the focus shifted eastward and then southward. This defensive model combined ideology, structure, and mechanism into a unified whole, while also demonstrating a high degree of adaptability.

In the fourth year of the Hongwu era of the Ming Dynasty (1371), Chengdu was restructured as the Chengdu prefecture. It continued to serve as the political center of the Sichuan region, and the city was rebuilt on a large scale. During this time, additional Ming official offices were established, and a feudal lord's residence was set up to govern the city jointly. Compared with the previous dynasty, the city construction techniques of the Ming Dynasty were more mature, and the institutional system was gradually standardized. While implementing the Ming system, local officials incorporated early city-building concepts from the Zhouyi and Zhouli, influencing Chengdu's spatial pattern with ideas and systems from the Central Plains. The topography of the basin in which Chengdu was located also provided favorable natural conditions for the completion of the city form. This also helped to fully display the idea of city building in the city's space. Due to the frequent wars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Chengdu's cities and buildings have not been preserved to this day. Therefore, Based on historical documents and local chronicles, this research explores the spatial structure of Chengdu during the Ming Dynasty and the Yixue and etiquette embodied in the city's construction. On this basis, the ten most important royal residences of the early Ming dynasty were selected as objects of comparison, and their internal architectural forms were analyzed to provide supplementary evidence for the institutionalization of Chengdu and the residences of the Shu kings. Furthermore, the cities were compared with the Taiyuan Mansion in Shanxi, which had considerable political significance, to analyze differences in spatial organization and institutional expression from the perspectives of urban layout and etiquette expression. Finally, based on ancient images and archaeological data, a detailed analysis of the spatial structure of Chengdu City during the Ming Dynasty was conducted. The characteristics and key features of the city's gates, facilities, and construction methods were summarised to provide new insights into the spatial development of Chinese cities during the Ming Dynasty.

As the defense core of the Northeast region, the construction of the city defense system of Jilin Garrison city has played an important role in resisting foreign enemies and maintaining local stability. Jilin Garrison city has assumed the important functions of stabilizing the border and defending Shengjing. This also makes it occupy a core position in the defense system of Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the spatial structure and defense system of Jilin garrison city from 1867 to 1907 with the existing relevant data of the Qing Dynasty as the center. Jilin Garrison City was originally established as a military castle with a single function, and a simple and effective defense structure was built with its geographical advantages. The Eight Banners system is the basis of the city's defense system. With different historical periods, the defense facilities have undergone many adjustments and gradually adapted to the military needs of the era of hot weapons. The core defense area in the city is the General's Office, and the military facilities that provide gunpowder and weapons are mainly distributed outside the city. The cooperation inside and outside the city has formed a multi-level, three-dimensional defense network. The garrison cities in the jurisdiction are connected to Jilin Garrison city through post roads, building a linkage defense system with Jilin Garrison city as the command center.

In the elements of paljak roof of the architectural heritages based on the Korean-style wooden structure, the hapgak, a triangular surface on the side of paljak roof, is installed at a right angle to the ridge of roof. However, some of the hapgak are not. What distinguishes them from the ordinary hapgak is that the upper vertex is inclined and projected outward than the lower side. This may be a way to raise the class of structure by widely setting up the hapgak part within the range for maintaining structural stability. Also, this may be used as a means for securing the visual stability by correcting optical illusion in the facade of roof. This study can examine the interpretation and utilization of structural problems that accompany in the formative aspect of Korean-style wooden structure. Therefore, this study aims to reveal that the hapgak part was considered as an important element in determining the facade planning with structural aspects.

According to literature, Chengdu was built in the ancient Shu period, and Chengdu experienced nearly 3,000 years of history in this region. After the city was founded in the Qin Dynasty, there were never any natural disasters such as floods in Chengdu for more than 2,000 years. Although there were no natural disasters, due to its central location in the southwest of China, wars were frequent. Thus, how to effectively suppress the rebellion in the southwest and how to rebuild the city after the wars became the top attention of the governments of Chengdu in the successive dynasties. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the government followed the Yuan and Ming systems, and the layout and architectural style of the city was similar to the previous dynasties. With the gradual recovery of the economy, Chengdu became a military center in southwest China and a military base was built in the city. Since then, Chengdu has gradually broken the original city style. Therefore, in this study, through archeological and literature sources, we analyzed the spatial structural evolution of Chengdu city in the historical background, focusing on the urban space and major building structures of Chengdu during the Qing Dynasty, which was relatively rich in information.

The study confirmed the "house search report(家宅搜索調書)" containing criminal records during the Japanese colonial period, as well as the production process and the way of expressing the illustrations contained in them. It also explored architectural values through analysis of the location and use of the building. This records the discovery of evidence by searching the residences of those involved in the crime from 1919 to 1922. The illustrations contained in this record were not standardized, so the contents of the article differed depending on the author's background and cultural experience. Nevertheless, this painting reflects the regional characteristics of traditional houses located throughout the Korean Peninsula. It is also evidence that the house was used for cultural, commercial, and industrial purposes, beyond the general assumption that it was used only for residential purposes. The "House Search Report(家宅搜索調書)" provides information on ordinary buildings that existed as the background of everyday life, rather than buildings with a specific purpose or exceptional design. It is evaluated as an important resource for understanding the diverse life and spatial structures of buildings during that time.