In order to investigate the runoff characteristics of nonpoint source pollutants in the Lake Doam watershed, water quality and flow rate were monitored for 38-rainfall events from 2009 to 2016. The EMC values of SS, COD, TN and TP were in the range of 33~2,169, 3.5~56.9, 0.09~7.65 and 0.06~2.21 mg L-¹, respectively. As a result of analyzing the effect of rainfall factor on the nonpoint source pollutant load, EMCs of SS, COD and TP showed a statistically significant correlation with rainfall (RA) (p<0.01) and SS showed highly significant correlation with maximum rainfall intensity (MRI, R=0.48). The load ranges of SS, COD, TN and TP were 10.4~11,984.6, 1.1~724.4, 0.6~51.6 and 0.03~22.85 ton event-¹, respectively, showing large variation depending on the characteristics of rainfall events. The effect of rainfall on the load was analyzed. SS, COD and TP showed a positive correlation, but TN did not show any significant correlation. The annual load of SS was the highest with 88,645 tons year-¹ in 2011 when rainfall was the highest with 1,669 mm. The result of impact analysis of nonpoint source pollution reduction project and land-use change on runoff load showed that pollutant load significantly reduced from 2009 to 2014 but SS and TP loads were increased from 2014 to 2016 due to increase in construction area. Therefore, we suggested that nonpoint source pollution abatement plan should be continued to reduce the soil loss and pollutants during rainfall, and countermeasures to reduce nonpoint source pollution due to construction need to be established.

In this study, the loading rates (or emission rate) and concentrations of air pollutants (ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP)) emitted from a naturally ventilated dairy facility were analyzed and compared to enable a better understanding that are in close proximity to each other, air pollution status. In general, the pollution patterns should be similar in measurement sites that are in close proximity to each other, and this hypothesis was fundamental to our approach in this study. For the comparison in nearby different sites, monitoring points were located at inside (source site) and outside the dairy building (ambient site), and concentrations and wind velocity were simultaneously monitored in real time. The patterns of PM2.5 emission rate and loading rate were similar in the source site and the ambient site which was consist with the hypothesis, while the PM2.5 mass concentration were not similar in both sites. As well as PM2.5, the emission rates (source site) of gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) were highly correlated to their loading rates (ambient site), while the concentrations of CO2 and N2O were not similar. Therefore, wind velocity, which is included in the emission or loading rate, should be simultaneously monitored with the concentration at the same measurement points for better understanding of the air pollution status.

비점원 오염은 점원 오염처럼 고정된 배출원이 존재하는 것이 아니라 불특정 장소에서 오염물질이 광역에 걸쳐 배출되는 것으로서, 대표적으로 지면피복 그 자체가 오염원으로 작용할 수 있다. 최근 우리나라 일부 지역에서는 여러 가지 원인으로 지면피복 변화가 급격히 발생하였는데, 이는 위성원격탐사를 통해 연속적 시공간에서 효과적으로 파악 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) 위성자료에 공간통계기법을 적용하여 우리나라 지면피복변화의 핫스팟을 추출하고, 실제 오염측정치를 이용하여 비점원 오염 특성을 지면피복변화와 관련하여 살펴보았다. 2003년과 2011년의 비교에서는 4군데의 지면피복변화 핫스팟이 탐지되었는데, 이 중 오염부하량 자료가 충분히 존재하는 새만금 핫스팟과 화성호 핫스팟 유역에 대한 분석 결과, 비점원 오염의 유출이 집중되는 하구 부분에서 오염부하량의 상당한 증가가 발견되었고, 특히 화성호 핫스팟의 경우 농지 증가의 영향이 컸던 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 지면피복변화의 핫스팟 추출을 통해 국토변화를 모니터링하고 핫스팟 유역의 비점원 오염부하량이 지역적으로 어떠한 특성을 보이는지 분석하는 것은, 국토 보전 및 개발에 있어 유용한 참고자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

Non-point source pollutants have characteristics the render them difficult to manage owing to the uncertainty of flow paths. As agricultural non-point sources account for more than 57% of non-point source pollutants, the necessity for management is increasing. This study examines the possibility of utilizing land cover maps to suggest a more appropriate method of setting management priority for agricultural non-point sources in the Daecheong Lake area and draws implications by comparing the results derived using the cadastral map, as mentioned in the TMDL Basic Policy. To define the prioritized areas for management, the pollution load was calculated for each subbasin using the formula from the TMDL technical guidelines. As a result, the difference in the average pollution load between the land cover map and cadastral map ranged from 11.6% to 21% among the subbasins. In almost all subbasins, there were differences in the ranking of management priorities depending on the land information that was used. In addition, it was found that it was reasonable to use the level 3 land cover map to calculate the load generated by the land system for examining the implementation goals and methods of each data and comparing them with satellite images.

지난 반세기 동안 무분별한 산업 활동과 도시화로 인하여 유역환경은 심각하게 훼손 되었다. 이러한 도시화로 인하여 2010년을 기준으로 4대강 평균 총 배출부하량의 69.3%가 비점오염[non-point source(NPS)pollutants]으로 인한 것으로 조사 된바있다. 이를 관리하기 위한 요구는 증대되고 있으나 정량적으로 유역환경을 예측하여 판단하기 위한 시스템은 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본연구에서는 영산강유역 환경을 판단함에 있어 HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fotran)모델의 모의를 통하여 국내 적합성 검토에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 그 후 HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fotran)모델을 이용하여 강우 특성에 따른 유역내 분포하는 비점오염원 발생량의 공간적 시간적 분포에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 그 결과 영산강유역 환경을 모의 함에 있어 HSPF(Hydrological Simulation Program-Fotran)모델이 적합한 모델이라 판단 되었으며, 이를 통하여 영산강 유역의 4대강 사업 이전과 이후 사상에 대한 비점오염부하에 대한 정량적인 평가를 실시 하였다.

Loading of NPS pollutant was valued through simulation by using BASINS/HSPF model which can simulate runoff volume in rainfall by time. For the verification of the model, it was analyzed the scatter diagram of the simulation value and measure value of water quality and runoff volume in Dongcheon estuary. Using the built model, a study on the time-variant characteristics of runoff and water quality was simulated by being classified into four cases. The result showed the simulation value was nearly same as that of the measured runoff. In the result of fit level test for measured value and simulated value, correlation of runoff volume was computed high by average 0.86 and in the water quality items, fit level of simulation and measurements was high by BOD 0.82, T-N 0.85 and T-P 0.79.

이 연구에서는 FFC2Q모형의 WQUAL블럭의 기본이론과 적용성을 검토하고, 도시지역의 강우초기 시 집중적으로 발생하는 CSOs의 비점오염부하 특성을 분석하였다. 또한 비점오염물 축적량 산정법과 쓸림방정식에서 주요 매개변수들의 선택과 그 영향을 분석하였다. 군자 배수구역의 3개 강우사상에 대한 실측치와의 비교를 통해 첨두유출량, 총유출량, 총부하량, 첨두농도 발생시간 등을 적정하게 모의할 수 있었으며, 입력자료의 단순화에도 불구하고 SWMM, MOUSE

하천을 따라 분포된 비점 오염원을 하천 수질모형의 매개변수들과 동시에 추정하는 체계적인 방법을 제안하였다. 수립된 방법을 QUAL2E 모형과 함께 충주댐 하류의 남한강 구간에 적용하여 모형의 반응계수와 비점 오염 부하량에 대한 최적 추정을 수행하였다. 민감도 분석 결과로부터 선정된 반응계수들에 대한 초기 추정 결과에 따르면 하천 시스템에 대한 질량수지가 만족되기 위해서는 질소와 인의 비점 오염 부하량의 입력이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 총질소와