요즘 정책학에서 정책형성의 정치적 동학을 연구하는 정책과정에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 왜 정책이 효과적이지 못한지, 그 원인은 어디에 있는지, 그리고 이런 문제들을 해결하기 위해선 어떤 조치들이 필요한지를 톺아볼 수 있기 때문이다. 특히, 복지정책의 경우는 자원의 재분배를 목적으로 한다는 점에 서 정책과정에 대한 분석이 여느 정책보다 더 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 그런데 이때 필요한 것은 맥락을 파악할 수 있는 사회과학적 통찰이다. 왜냐하면 규범과 문화, 이해관계 등이 충돌하는 복잡다단한 현실 세계를 분석하면서 맥락의 파악과 해석 없이 연구를 수행한다는 것은 나침반 없이 항해를 하는 것과 다 름없기 때문이다. 이와 관련하여 근자에 구조결정론의 한계를 극복하고 구조와 행위의 접합을 꾀하는 정책이론 하나가 큰 주목을 받고 있다. 제도적 맥락(구조) 하에서 전개되는 담론정치(행위)에 주목하여 정책과정의 동학을 분석하는 ‘담론제도주의(discursive institutionalism)’가 바로 그것이다. 본 논문은 사회정책이론의 발전을 목표로 하는 연구로서, 복지정책과정 분석의 새로운 이론 틀로서 담론제도주의 가 어떤 함의와 유용성을 갖는지 톺아보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 신제도주의를 중심으로 하는 종래의 정책이론과 담론제도주의가 어떤 점에서 차이를 보이는지 종합적으로 검토해 보고자 한다. 또한, 담론제도주의가 복지정책 형성과정 분석에 어떤 실전적 유용성을 갖는지 살펴보고자 한다.

Korean agricultural industry has weakened as demand for domestic agricultural products has declined due to accelerating market liberalization, aging and shrinking of rural population, and stagnating rural households’ incomes. On the other hand, as the forth industrial revolution unfolds in earnest, tremendous changes are expected, and those changes won’t be confined to certain industries but would shaken the world we know of entirely. Smart farm, which is one example of the fourth industrial revolution, is increasingly being recognized as a new growth engine for the future as smart farm and the science and technology behind it, not the size of arable land, will determine competitiveness of the agricultural industry and drive agricultural productivity and managerial efficiency. In consideration that John W. Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Framework has recently been presented as an important theoretical model in the policy field, this study analyzed problem stream, policy stream, and political stream in the process of forming the smart farm policy, and looked into what role the government played as policy entrepreneur in policy window. The smart farm policy was put on policy agenda by the government and was approved when the government announced the Smart Farm Plan together with relevant ministries at the 5th Economy-Related Ministers’ Meeting held in April 2018. This suggests that change of the government is the most critical factor in political stream, and explicitly indicates the importance of politics in formation of an agricultural policy. In addition, actual outcome of the policy and how policy alternatives that will enhance people’s understanding will support it seem to be the key to success. It also shows that it is important that policy alternatives be determined based on sufficient discussion amongst stakeholders.

Non-Annex I parties announced the voluntary emission reduction targets including the U.S. in the conference of party. NAMAs would be focused to solve the negotiation clue for the post-kyoto regime. Since the country would not be involved in Annex I parties, the voluntary carbon market would be created for the greenhouse gas reduction targets. According to Bali Roadmap, voluntary carbon market should be constructed by the MRV manners since this country does not belong to Annex I parties. Carbon point system would be proposed by the ways of the international voluntary emission reduction credit. The voluntary carbon market should involve the potential GHG reduction credit and link with the ETS in the country. This study proposed the way of linkage between ETS and voluntary carbon market including the carbon-point system.

The purpose of this study is to propose the policies for preservation, formation and management of Korean rural landscape. For this, the current rural landscape policies are examined and recent legislative changes are also surveyed. The Landscape Law and the Comprehensive Countermeasures for Rural Landscape Improvement are the most significant changes. The proposed issues are as follows: 1. the establishment of rural landscape planning system, 2. the arrangement of the criteria and guideline for rural landscape planning and design, 3. the re-arrangement of the rural landscape index and landscape map, 4. the survey and management of the rural landscape amenity, 5. the revitalization of the landscape projects for rural area, 6. the pragmatic connection with other law and system(especially the Landscape Law), 7. the education and cultivation of the rural landscape expert groups.