탈기/무산소조, 삼중반응조, 경사판침전조, 막분리조에서 경사판침전조에서 탈기/무산소조로 1Q의 내부반송과 삼중반응조로 0.3~0.5Q의 30분 마다 교대반송을 하였다. 교대반송시 NaOH를 주입하여 탈질원을 제공하였다. TN 유입 농도는 30.1mg/L에서 4.7mg/L로 제거되었으며, 처리수의 NH3-N의 평균농도는 0.5mg/L로 처리되어 대부분 질산화가 이루어졌다. NO3-N은 2.1mg/L로 무산소/탈기, 삼중반응조 및 침전조가 모두 하부로 연결되어 무산소조의 역할이 크게 증가하여 나타난 것으로 판단된다. NaOH(2,000mg/L)를 34mL/min으로 주입한 결과 반송수 상징액의 CODMn 농도는 24.7(19.9~31.0)mg/L로 탈질원이 형성되었음을 알 수 있었다.

Austenite precipitation behavior was studied with solidification rates and alloying contents, N and Cr, in duplex stainless steels by directional solidification. Directional solidification experiments were carried out with solidification rates, 1~100mm/s, and N and Cr contents, 0~0.27wt.%, 25~28wt.% respectively, in a duplex stainless steel, CD4MCU. As the solidification rate increases, the dendrite spacing reduced and the austenite phase in the ferrite matrix became finer. The volume fraction of austenite phase increased and its shape went to be round with increasing nitrogen contents in duplex stainless alloys. The Cr alloying element, even though it is a ferrite former, showed to enhance the nitrogen solubility in the alloy and caused the austenite round and finer. Also, Cr was supposed to decrease the austenite volume fraction, but it increased the austenite slightly due to increasing nitrogen solubility during solidification.

폴리올레핀 산업에서 발생되는 올레핀 함유 배 가스(off-gas)에서 올레핀만을 선택적으로 분리하기 위해, 폴리디메틸실록산(Polydimethylsiloxane)계열의 막 소재들에 대한 올레핀과 질소의 투과특성을 연구하였다. 막 소재로는 가교 형태의 폴리디메틸실록산(Polydimethylsiloxane, 이하 PDMS라 칭함)막, 폴리실록산이미드(Polysiloxaneimide, 이하 PSI라 칭함)막, 아크릴변성 Oligo-PDMS가 부가된 Oligo-PDMS막들을 대상으로 공급기체의 온도(-20~50℃)와 압력(1∼25 atm)을 변화시키면서 에틸렌(C2H4), 프로필렌(C3H6), 부틸렌(C4H8), 질소(N2) 기체의 단일투과특성을 조사하였다. 실험결과, 사용되는 막소재의 특징에 따라 다양한 투과특성을 보였다. 세 가지 막소재중에서 PDMS막이 가장 넓은 사용압력범위에서 높은 에틸렌투과도 및 에틸렌/질소의 분리특성을 보였으며 이 막을 대상으로 여러 투과조건에서 투과특성을 연구하였다. 선택된 가교 PDMS막을 통한 올레핀, 질소 기체들의 투과도는 투과기체의 분자크기(확산도 선택성)보다, 투과기체의 응축온도(용해도 선택성)에 좌우되는 경향을 보였다. 공급기체의 온도가 감소하거나 압력이 증가할 때, 응축성 기체인 올레핀 기체의 투과도는 증가하고, 비응축성 기체인 질소는 감소하는 특징을 보였으며 이에 따라 올레핀/질소의 선택도가 크게 증가하는 특징을 보였다. 이러한 결과들은 고무상 고분자막에서 보여지는 응축성, 비응축성 기체들의 전형적인 투과특성을 보여준다.

This study was aimed to behaviour of organics and nitrogen on the upflow anaerobic reactor when a acid fermenter is added. Upflow anaerobic reactor (UAR) reaction will result which operates, COD removal efficiencies of reactor with nitrate loading rate 0.11, 0.66g/L/d were over 77%, but one with 1.0g/L/d was 73.5%. Especially, on NLR 0.11g/L/d, COD removal was 77% and nitrate removal efficiency was 93% simultaneously. The other side upflow anaerobic reactor and acid fermenter (UAR+AF) reaction will result witch operates, COD removal efficiencies of reactor with nitrate loading rate 0.11, 0.66g/L/d were over 85%, but one with 1.0g/L/d was 80%. Especially, on NLR 0.11g/L/d, COD removal was 85% and nitrate removal efficiency was 98% simultaneously. Also, without in reaction condition increase of influent nitrate concentration resulted in the linear decrease of nitrate removal efficiency and nitrate removal efficiency at influent nitrate-nitrogen 800mg/L was 50%. Alkalinity was increased theoretically by denitrification at low nitrate-N concentration, however, it was not increased theoretically at high nitrate-N. 40% nitrate-N of UAR was denitrified until 70% height of reactor and 90% nitrate-N of UAR+AF was denitrified until 30% height of reactor Upflow anaerobic reactor was to occur accumulate acid, which TVA/Alkalinity is 0.3～0.47. Increase of NLR resulted increase of effluent alkalinity and TVA production

강우유출시 발생되는 질소는 그 발생특성과 천이기작의 비정상성과 공간적 불균일성이 극심하다. 분산형 질소의 효율적인 관리를 위해서 GRASS-AGNPS 호환모형을 사용해서 비점오염 현상을 모의했다. 오염물의 거동에 대한 지형의 영향을 추정하기 위해 수치표고도를 구축하였다. 대상유역은 경북 청도군 청도읍의 한재천 유역으로 선정되었다. 모형 보정을 위한 수질자료는 강우시 유역내 15개 지점으로부터 시료를 채취하여 실험실에서 분석하였다. 모형 보정방법은 시행착

In the study, we investigated the behavior and removal efficiency of organics, nitrogen, phosphorus with operating conditions in SBRs. Substrate used was synthetic wastewater in which the ratio of COD_cr : N : P was 100 : 12 : 2. The cycling time in SBRs was adjusted at 6 hours and 8 hours, and then certainly included anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Also, for each cycling time, we performed 2 series of experiment simultaneously which was set up 10 days and 20 days as SRT. The removal efficiency of COD_cr, was over 97% in all operating conditions. In the 6 hours cycling time, the removal efficiency of PO_4^3- -P reached almost 100% in steady state. And then we could observe a typical phenomena of phosphorus release and uptake, and the removal efficiency of N was 67%. Residual N source was almost TKN and most of the rest remained as NO_2^- -N. Also the difference in both SRTs was not observed practically. In the 8 hours cycling time, dissolution of sludge appeared. and, PO_4^3- -P was not nearly removed but nitrogen was removed up to 75%. And the residual nitrogen was accumulated as NO_2^- -N.

In the study, we investigated the behavior and removal efficiency of organics, nitrogen, phosphorus with operating conditions in SBRs. Substrate used was synthetic wastewater in which the ratio of COD_cr : N : P was 100 : 12 : 2. The cycling time in SBRs was adjusted at 6 hours and 8 hours, and then certainly included anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Also, for each cycling time, we performed 2 series of experiment simultaneously which was set up 10 days and 20 days as SRT. The removal efficiency of COD_cr, was over 97% in all operating conditions. In the 6 hours cycling time, the removal efficiency of PO_4^3- -P reached almost 100% in steady state. And then we could observe a typical phenomena of phosphorus release and uptake, and the removal efficiency of N was 67%. Residual N source was almost TKN and most of the rest remained as NO_2^- -N. Also the difference in both SRTs was not observed practically. In the 8 hours cycling time, dissolution of sludge appeared. and, PO_4^3- -P was not nearly removed but nitrogen was removed up to 75%. And the residual nitrogen was accumulated as NO_2^- -N.