In this paper, an alternative inventory policy that trades off the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility, with the goal of reducing system wide total expected inventory costs, when external demand distributjon is autocorrelated, is considered. The alternative inventory policy has a form that is somewhere between one that completely neglects the autocorrleation and one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation. For this purpose, a mathematical model that allows us to evaluate system wide total expected inventory costs for a periodic review system is developed. This model enables us to identify an optimal inventory policy at a current facility that minimizes system wide total expected inventory costs by the best tradeoff of the bullwhip effect at an upstream facility with cost minimization at a current facility. From numerical experiments, it has been found that (i) when the autocorrelation is negative, the optimal policy is one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation, (ii) when the autocorrelation is small and positive, the optimal policy is one that neglects the autocorrelation, and (iii) when the autocorrelation is large and positive, the optimal policy is somewhere between one that actively utilizes the autocorrelation and one that neglect the autocorrelation.

혁신 채찍(Innovation stick)은 혁신을 위한 특정 의무를 부과하고 그 의무를 달성하지 못하였을 경우 벌금 등의 불이익을 부과하는 방식이다. 특허와 같은 당근뿐만 아니라 불이익을 부과하는 채찍으로도 혁신을 달성할 수 있다. 필요한 혁신이지만 이에 대한 시장의 수요가 적은 경우, 시장 경쟁에만 두면 외부효과가 만연한 경우, 또는 채찍 적용 대상이 시장에서 탈출할 위험이 적은 경우에는 혁신 채찍이 유용하다. 혁신 채찍은 사회 전체 이익을 위한 효과적인 수단을 추구하도록 하고 당근과 달리 추가적인 비용을 발생시키지 않는다. 단, 이러한 이점을 누리기 위해서는 정부가 혁신 채찍을 설정하는 주체로서 정보 부담을 지어야 한다. 대표적인 혁신 채찍으로는 기업평균연비제도와 포괄수가제를 들 수 있는데, 모두 미국, 유럽, 우리나라 등 여러 국가에서 활용되고 있다. 앞으로 다가올 인공지능⋅빅데이터 시대에도 혁신 채찍은 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 인공지능 ⋅빅데이터가 발전할 수 있는 환경을 구축하거나 우려되는 외부효과를 방지하는 데 혁신 채찍이 좋은 도구가 될 수 있다. 공공 영역에서는 고품질 공공데이터 확보를 위한 혁신 채찍이, 시장 영역에서는 인공지능⋅빅데이터 시스템의 블랙박스화와 차별을 방지하기 위한 혁신 채찍이 필요하다. 이를 위해서 정부는 많은 정보 부담을 감수하고 준비하여야 한다. 준비 없이 만들어진 채찍은 사람들을 시장에서 탈출하게 하여 오히려 혁신을 저해할 수 있다. 미국, 유럽 등 주요국은 이미 인공지능⋅빅데이터 시대의 혁신 채찍을 수립하기 위한 연구를 시작하였다. 우리도 국제사회와 함께 필요한 혁신 채찍이 무엇인지, 적용 기준은 무엇인지, 어떻게 평가할지 논의를 진행하여야 한다.

The size of the market for SCM information systems have globally and steadily increased. And there are businesses that obtained innovative business performance by introducing SCM information systems. However, many businesses have still undergone trial and error in the process to introduce and operate SCM. As external factors including suppliers, customers, etc. and internal factors of businesses have been analyzed to be failure factors of executing SCM information systems, the businesses that try to introduce SCM information systems need to understand possible failure factors and establish the solutions. Therefore, this study tries to verify the diffusion of SCM information systems and effects on bullwhip effects. The study is expected to suggest empirical data that people will refer to the establishment of next counterstrategies according to the lapse of the period that systems are introduced based on theoretical bases related to the diffusion of SCM information systems.

Recently, corporate environment is faced with uncertainty that did not suffer in the past. In addition, as the supply chain was expanded and lengthened, the flow of information and material was complicated. Increase in complexity which amplifies the variability of the individual steps in supply chains further adds to the uncertainty. The bullwhip effect that refers the phenomenon where order variability increases as the orders move upstream in the supply chain became serious. The bullwhip effect is more and more important especially for the enterprise in the supply chain. So, there are many studies now since it was observed about 100 years ago. The aim of this paper is to analyze how to solve the bullwhip effect by using TRIZ (Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadach). TRIZ is one of the most famous tools for creative solving that applied in many fields ranging from management as well as engineering. Among problems, the dilemma needs creative solutions that require handling the contradictions inherent in that. Among various kinds of problem solving techniques, TRIZ provides the concept of physical contradiction as a common problem solving principle. This study provides a simple process of solving problem explains a case of solving problem in the management field and shows the availability of theory in the inventory control. In accordance with the proposed solving process, the paper analyzes the bullwhip effect by applying the TRIZ tools and then identifies the solution directions. Next, the current studies are classified by the above analysis and important managerial concepts are proposed. Lastly, directions for future research on this area are suggested.

The bullwhip effect is known as the significant factor which causes unnecessary inventory, lost sales or cost increase in supply chains. Therefore, the causes of the bullwhip effect must be examined and removed. In this paper, we develop two analytical to