With the development of augmented reality technology, various related technologies and content production are rapidly increasing. The virtual space in the augmented reality is achieved through the synthesis of the virtual environment composed of 3D models with the background of the real world video. The harmonization of these two environments is an important factor for users enjoying augmented reality contents. In this paper, we introduce a video abstraction technique to solve the problem of mismatch between input video and 3D virtual objects, which is one of the points to be improved in augmented reality. In particular, we created a new virtual space by applying video-based cartoon and pencil stylization to transform the AR background.

Low-resolution voxel models are widely used in many computer games such as CrossyRoadTM and MinecraftTM and in many block games such as LegoTM. We present a multi-scale voxelization algorithm that abstracts a complex polygonal model to a low-resolution voxel model. Our scheme is distinguished from other voxelization schemes in the point that our scheme controls the level of abstraction according to the complexity of the model. We present a two-stage algorithm: in the first stage, we build a rough voxel model, which is carved to fit the target model in the second stage. We empoly an OpenGL-based slicing algorithm to build a rough model, which is constructed in twofolds. The exterior and interior of the model is constructed separately and merged to complete the rough model. In the second stage, we compute the silhouette of the input model and carve the rough model to improve the completeness of the final result. We test our algorithm for various polygonal models including famous animation character models to prove the excellency of our scheme.

As a work analysis technique, Work Domain Analysis (WDA) aims to identify the design knowledge structure of a work domain that human operators interact with through human-system interfaces. Abstraction hierarchy (AH) is a multi-level, hierarchical knowledge representation framework for modeling the functional structure of any kinds of systems. Thus, WDA based on AH aims to identify the functional knowledge structure of a work domain. AH has been used in a range of work domains and problems to model their functional knowledge structure and has proven its generality and usefulness. However, many of researchers and system designers have reported that it is never easy to understand the concepts underlying AH and use it effectively for WDA. This would be because WDA is a form of work analysis that is different from other types of work analysis techniques such as task analysis and AH has several unique characteristics that are differentiated from other types of function analysis techniques used in systems engineering. With this issue in mind, this paper introduces the concepts of WDA based on AH and offers a comprehensive list of references. Next, this paper proposes a set of principles for effectively applying AH for work domain analysis, which are developed based on the author's experiences, consultation with experts, and literature reviews.

본 논문에서는 사진이나 동영상으로부터 게임 배경 영상을 생성하기 위한 영상 추상화 기법을 제시한다. DeCarlo 등이 제안한 방법 [9]에 기반하여 개발된 이 방법은 에이다부스트 알고리즘을 이용해서 인식된 여러 개의 부분과 나머지 부분들에 대해서 서로 다른 스케일로 추상화를 수행함으로써 선택적으로 다중 스케일 구조의 추상화된 영상을 생성할 수 있다. 이 방법은 여러 정지 영상 및 동영상에 적용되어서 다양한 결과를 보여준다. 이 방법은 제한된 자원을 가진 게임 개발 환경에서 게임 배경에 많은 자원을 투입하기 힘든 상황에서 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

이 글은 작곡가 진은숙(1961- )의 작곡과정에서 발견되는 특유한 음악적 사고와 작업방식 에 대해 고찰한다. 필자가 파악하는 진은숙의 작곡방식은 여러 가지 재료의 (재료가 본래 속 해 있던) 구체적 맥락을 취하지 않고 재료 자체만을 떼어내 자신의 것으로 만드는 것, 다시 말해 추상화를 거쳐 개인화하는 작업이다. 그리고 그렇게 자신의 것으로 개인화한 재료들을 작품에서 새로운 맥락 안으로 융합시키는 것이다. 그녀의 이러한 작업방식 또는 태도는 순수 기악음악뿐 아니라 텍스트를 가진 인성(人聲)작품이나 동양의 전통악기를 사용한 작품에서 도 발견되는 특징이다. 이 글에서는 진은숙 작품전반에서 드러나는 이같은 양상을 살피며, 생황협주곡 《슈》(2009/2010)의 예를 통해 진은숙의 음악어법을 ‘추상화’와 ‘재맥락화’라는 개념으로 해석해본다.

Hierarchical Planning based on Abstraction of World Elements and Operators(HiPAWO) is proposed for mobile robots task planning, where abstraction of world elements is used for hierarchical planning and abstraction of operators is used for hierarchical decomposition of abstracted actions. Especially, a hierarchical domain theory based on JAH(Joint of Action Hierarchy)-graph is proposed to improve efficiency of planning, where a number of same actions are included in both adjacent hierarchical levels of domain theories to provide relationships between adjacent hierarchical levels. To show the validities of our proposed HiPAWO, experimental results are illustrated and will be compared with two other classical planning methods.

Preservation of geometrical context of terrains in a digitized format is useful in handling and making modification to the data. Digitization of three-dimensional terrain still proves a great challenge due to heavy load of context required to retain details of topological and geometrical information. Methods of simplification, restoration and multi-level terrain generation are often employed to transform the original data into a compressed digital format. However, reduction of the stored data size comes at an expense of loss of details in the original data set. This article reports on an alternative scheme for simplification and restoration of terrain data. The algorithm utilizes the fact that the terrain formation and patterns can be predicted and modeled through the fractal algorithm. This method was used to generate multi-level terrain model based on NGIS digital maps with preserving geometrical context of terrains.