For fabricating silicon solar cells with high conversion efficiency, texturing is one of the most effective techniques to increase short circuit current by enhancing light trapping. In this study, four different types of textures, large V-groove, large U-groove, small V-groove, and small U-groove, were prepared by a wet etching process. Silicon substrates with V-grooves were fabricated by an anisotropic etching process using a KOH solution mixed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and the size of the V-grooves was controlled by varying the concentration of IPA. The isotropic etching process following anisotropic etching resulted in U-grooves and the isotropic etching time was determined to obtain U-grooves with an opening angle of approximately 60˚. The results indicated that U-grooves had a larger diffuse reflectance than V-grooves and the reflectances of small grooves was slightly higher than those of large grooves depending on the size of the grooves. Then amorphous Si:H thin film solar cells were fabricated on textured substrates to investigate the light trapping effect of textures with different shapes and sizes. Among the textures fabricated in this work, the solar cells on the substrate with small U-grooves had the largest short circuit current, 19.20 mA/cm2. External quantum efficiency data also demonstrated that the small, U-shape textures are more effective for light trapping than large, V-shape textures.

멀티미디어의 개발에 따라 가상 영상에 대한 실사적인 색 표현이 가능해졌다. 이로 인해 영상에서 물체를 표현하기 위해 빛과 표면의 특성을 기반으로 색을 표현하는 렌더링 기법들이 개발되고 있다. 빛과 표면의 물리적인 상호작용을 모델링하는 과정에서 각각에 대한 분광 특성에 대한 정보가 정확하다면 결과영상은 정확하게 표현할 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 렌더링 응용은 단순한 RGB 기반 3차원을 이용하여 벡터의 성분별 합과 곱으로 빛과 표면의 분광 특성을 표현하고 상호작용을 모델링하기 때문에 실제적인빛-표면 상호 작용과 수학적인 연산이 일치하지 않는다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 새로운 특성함수 기반의 기저함수를 이용하여 단순한 연산으로 빛-표면 상호작용을 계산할 수 있는 표면 반사율 모 델 기법을 제안한다.

Reflection properties, such as specular reflection and diffuse reflection, are very important optical properties for the reflector, which has high reflectance in the display and architecture industry. Calcite is lowcost, nontoxic, and stable over a wide temperature range. Therefore, it is one of the most widely using fillers in many industries and has some advantages over titania as a filler to improve reflectance. However, optical properties, especially those of ceramic-filled composites, have not been analyzed. We studied the reflectance of calcite composites with their surface roughness. The reflectance of the composites was determined using a UV-visible spectrometer. The surface morphology and the micro-structure of the composites were investigated by atomic force microscope. The reflectance of the composites was improved by increasing the content of calcite in the calcite-frit composite. The reflectance is related with the surface roughness in the composites. However, the reflectance depends on the calcite contents in materials with similar surface roughness.