기생벌(parasitoids)은 기주곤충의 다양한 발달단계에 특징적(내부 또는 외부)으로 기생한다. 이러한 기생벌은 적어도 10만종 이상이 존재하며 해충방제를 위한 중요한 천적자원으로 활용된다. 본 연구에서는 배추흰나비 번데기의 내부에 기생하는 기생벌을 채집하여 그 형태 및 분자생물학적 분석을 실시하였다. 기생벌의 cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) 염기서열을 결정하고 NCBI database에서 비교 분석해 본 결과 Pteromalus venustus와 가장 높은 유사성 (91%)을 나타냈다. 국내에는 금좀벌과(Pteromalidae)에 24속 33종이 보고되었고 그 중 Pteromalus 속에는 오직 배추벌레 살이금좀벌(P. puparum) 단 1종이 기록되었다. 그러나, P. puparum의 COI 염기서열 정보는 보고된 바 없다. 그리고 P. puparum은 배추흰나비에 기생하는 반면에 P. venustus는 벌의 일종인 Alfalfa leaf cutting bee인에 기생한다. 본 연구결과 채집한 기생벌은 P. puparum으로 판단되며 처음으로 이종의 COI 염기서열을 보고한다. 또한, 배추흰나비의 친환경적 방제를 위하여 배추벌레살이금좀벌을 천적자원으로 활용할 수 있다.

Endoscopic snare papillectomy (ESP) for ampulla of Vater tumor (AVT) has been performed successfully instead of surgical ampullectomy (SA) because ESP is a less invasive procedure than SA. Hemorrhage, perforation and pancreatitis are relatively common complications of ESP and other rare complications such as cholangitis, liver abscess has been reported. Recently we encountered a case of acute acalculous cholecystitis after ESP for AVT, which was treated successfully with percutaneous cholecystostomy with intravenous antibiotics. We therefore report this case with a brief review of the literature.

For fabricating silicon solar cells with high conversion efficiency, texturing is one of the most effective techniques to increase short circuit current by enhancing light trapping. In this study, four different types of textures, large V-groove, large U-groove, small V-groove, and small U-groove, were prepared by a wet etching process. Silicon substrates with V-grooves were fabricated by an anisotropic etching process using a KOH solution mixed with isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and the size of the V-grooves was controlled by varying the concentration of IPA. The isotropic etching process following anisotropic etching resulted in U-grooves and the isotropic etching time was determined to obtain U-grooves with an opening angle of approximately 60˚. The results indicated that U-grooves had a larger diffuse reflectance than V-grooves and the reflectances of small grooves was slightly higher than those of large grooves depending on the size of the grooves. Then amorphous Si:H thin film solar cells were fabricated on textured substrates to investigate the light trapping effect of textures with different shapes and sizes. Among the textures fabricated in this work, the solar cells on the substrate with small U-grooves had the largest short circuit current, 19.20 mA/cm2. External quantum efficiency data also demonstrated that the small, U-shape textures are more effective for light trapping than large, V-shape textures.