프로바이오틱스는 다양한 환경에서 분리되어 왔으며, Bacillus 균주는 유산균과 같은 일반적인 프로바이오틱스의 한계를 보완할 수 있는 내생포자 형성 능력으로 인해 프로바이오틱스 균주 중에서 유리하다. 본 연구의 목적은 한국에서 오염되지 않은 환경으로 알려진 울릉도 토양에서 분리된 Bacillus 균주의 프로바이오틱스 잠재성을 조사하는 것이다. 토양 시료는 울릉도 각지에 서 채취하였으며, 항생제 내성과 효소 활성을 평가하였다. 항생제에 내성을 나타내지 않는 6개 의 Bacillus 균주를 확보하였고 이후에 효소 활성을 검사하였다. 인체에 악영향을 미칠 수 있 는 β-glucuronidase 효소는 활성이 나타나지 않았으며, 시중에서 판매되고 있는 Bacillus 프로바 이오틱스와 유사한 효소의 활성과, 추가적으로 펩타이드 가수분해효소인 Leucine arylamidase 의 활성이 나타난 NB-1 균주가 확인되었다. 이에, 추가적인 효능 연구 및 안정성 실험을 통해 프로바이오틱스 균주로서의 가능성을 모색해야 할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

The 20-kHz ultrasonic irradiation was applied to investigate bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility changes over time. Applied intensities of ultrasound power were varied at 27.7 W and 39.1 W by changing the amplitude 20 to 40 to three bacteria species (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus). By 15-min irradiation, E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, showed 1.2- to 1.6-log removals, while the gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, showed below 0.5-log removal efficiencies. Antibiotic susceptibility of penicillin-family showed a dramatic increase at E. coli, but for other antibiotic families showed no significant changes in susceptibility. Gram-positive bacteria showed no significant differences in their antibiotic susceptibilities after ultrasound irradiation. Bacterial re-survival and antibiotic susceptibility changes were measured by incubating the ultrasound-irradiated samples. After 24-hour incubation, it was found that all of three bacteria were repropagated to the 2- to 3-log greater than the initial points, and antibiotic inhibition zones were reduced compared to ones of the initial points, meaning that antibiotic resistances were also recovered. Pearson correlations between bacterial inactivation and antibiotic susceptibility showed negative relation for gram-negative bacteria, E. coli., and no significant relations between bacterial re-survival and its inhibition zone. As a preliminary study, further researches are necessary to find practical and effective conditions to achieve bacteria inactivation.

This study was focused on the determination of antibacterial activity of Scutellaria baicalensis extract against antibiotic resistant bacteria(Salmonella Enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli). Extract of Scutellaria baicalensis were tested for antibacterial activity by paper disc methods. The Scutellaria baicalensis extract in 0.1 g/㎖ and 0.2 g/㎖ showed a significant antibacterial activity against antibiotic resistant bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Scutellaria baicalensis extract were appeared to 2, 048 ㎍/㎖ at S. Enteritidis, S. aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli. Finally, the growth incubation curve was determined using Scutellaria baicalensis extract against S. Enteritidis, S. aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli. The growth of S. Enteritidis was significantly inhibited within 10 hours by the addition of at least 10, 000 ppm of Scutellaria baicalensis extract. The 10, 000 ppm of Scutellaria baicalensis extract retarded the growth of S. aureus and enteroaggregative E. coli more than 10 hours. In conclusion, Scutellaria baicalensis extract might be useful to control antibiotic resistant bacteria in vitro.